Is Capitalism a Hindrance to Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is Capitalism a Hindrance to Democracy - Essay Example Before making an argument on this issue, it is necessary to fully understand the terms involved. Democracy is typically used interchangeably with the form of government more properly known as a republic. Because true citizenship democracies have rarely ever existed, representative democracies have co-opted the term despite lacking key factors. For the purpose of argument, this paper will use as a definition of democracy that which is agreed upon by the authors of The Politics of Power: A democracy is a system based on popular participation by its citizens, representative government and a commitment to equality in the ability of citizens to influence policies directly affecting their lives (Katznelson, Kesselman and Draper 2006, p. 8). Capitalism is typically defined as an economic sy... The nuances of capitalism that affect the course of democracy revolve around the power of capital itself. If it is accepted that part of the definition of democracy includes representative governors elected by the people, then a question immediately must be raised. Who are these representatives and how are they elected In the current American system, the pool of those eligible for election is becoming increasingly smaller. The reason has to do with the cost of getting elected. As the cost of a candidacy increases, so does the power of those who can contribute the most to these candidates. ARGUMENT Corruption is an unavoidable component of any political or economic system. There is no such thing as a universally viable economic system that is inherently corrupt. Capitalism and socialism could both theoretically work without the taint of corruption. The reason that neither ever has is due to the human factor. Human beings have needs that require currency and sometimes the easiest way to acquire that extra currency is through corrupt practices. While no economic system is in itself corrupt, they all contain practices which promote corruption. The fact that capitalism has led democracy in the United States to the point where only a select few can ever dream of being elected to positions of power is not proof that the economic system is a hindrance to the political system. After all, there is no evidence to suggest that simply because someone has the economic basis to get elected that he will not then act in the best interests of those whom he is representing. What is far more disturbing is how the electoral process mirrors the governmental process. The ability to get

Week 2 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 Assignment - Essay Example At the time of entering into the contract, I gave him $100, which was to serve as the consideration. There was a legal objective to the contract since my friend legally owned the furniture. In the end, we set the terms for both of us and signed the contract in writing, making two copies that. I retained one copy while my friend went with the other. The furniture needed to be delivered to my house two weeks after the signing of the contract and this cost was to be borne by the seller. After delivery, I was to pay the full amount in cash. However, two weeks after, my friend had still not delivered the furniture. I called him to inquire why he had not obeyed the terms we had agreed on. He replied that he could not deliver the furniture because he had not found a place to buy new furniture to replace what he was selling. This was not among the conditions we had put in our contract. In the meantime, I had already sold my old furniture for $400 and I had withdrawn $600 from my bank account in readiness for payment. The contract I had entered into was not successfully fulfilled, which shows there was a breach in the terms of the contract. Therefore, I took the necessary steps to sue my friend for damages in a court of law for breach. There were a number of remedies available for breach of contract. They included awarding of damages, rescission of the contract and specific performance of the contract. I was entitled to damages being the innocent party as far as the breach was concerned. Damages in this case were supposed to be nominal since I incurred no loss from the breach of contract. If I had suffered any loss in terms of monetary value, I would have qualified for substantial damages that would have been determined based on the remoteness of the loss. As opposed to the equitable remedies of injunction and specific damages are available as a right (Miller, 2012). Punitive damages would also have served to punish the party in breach

Cloud Computing Solutions For Celcom Axiata

Cloud Computing Solutions For Celcom Axiata Enclosed is report of cloud computing solutions for Celcom Axiata Berhard for your reference and consideration. This report is a summary of findings from study, online researches, and depth interview during March May 2011 as part of assignment for Management Information System in University of Southern Queensland. The report include overview of cloud computing solutions, analysis of current IT infrastructure issues and challenges, and how cloud computing can be beneficial to your company. Cloud computing is latest current disruptive technologies and is the fastest growing form of computing, with an estimated market size in 2009 of $8 billion, and a projected size of $160 billion in 2012 (Gartner, 2008; Merrill Lynch, 2008). As mobile and social computing are growing faster in the history of technology, and enterprise applications will need to adapt to provide similar concept inside company to increase business collaboration and at the end will improve business processes, as well cost reduction. We thank you for good corporation from Celcom IT Infrastructure department by facilitating depth interview and group discussion within IT team during our research. If you have any questions and/or comments regarding of this report please feel free to contact us. Yours sincerely, Sriyani, Aan Fan Jiang TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary i Introduction Celcom and business background IT Infrastructure : issues challenges Issues challenges IT Ecosystem Cloud Computing and its business benefits and costs Recommendation of cloud computing adoption Conclusions EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report evaluates corporate mission, business strategy, grand IT Infrastructure of Celcom Axiata Berhard in order to provide recommendations regarding cloud computing solutions in company IT strategy. A detailed cloud computing definition has provided in this report, followed by differentiation deployment models, service models and also further elaboration to benefits and cost cloud computing solution. A major finding in current complexity IT infrastructure to support business requirement and challenges to reduce increasing cost of maintenance and deployment of IT technology every year. Depth analysis and research to cloud computing solutions provided in the market, and also adoption recommendation have been provided in this report. It is recommended Celcom as multinational company must have strategic outlook on the future of ICT practices as market is undergoing changes due to technological advancements to adapt and follow market trends and increase ability to compete in the market. In this report, company is suggested to run pilot project to adapt sales cloud to improve business process in sales division and develop private cloud computing by doing virtualization Aim of this report is giving ideas to increase productivity, improve business process and keep focus to reduce cost of maintenance and deployment of IT Technology. Company also has huge opportunity to deliver new business services via cloud computing to current business user customers. INTRODUCTION Company Background Celcom Axiata Berhard (Bhd) is one of market leader mobile operator in Malaysia and occupying over one-third of the market share at the end of Year 2010. Under the control of the Axiata Group, was rebranded from Telekom Malaysias international mobile operations unit Telekom Malaysia International (TMI) on March 31 2009 and formerly launching its new identity on April 2 2009. Axiata Groups major shareholder is Khazanah Nasional Berhad, with a 44.51% stake, while its other significant shareholders with over 5% holdings are the Employees Provident Fund Board (14.22%) and Amanah Raya Nominees (8.52%). As the first mobile operator in Malaysia, Celcom has the widest network coverage in the country, covering 98% of the populated areas in the country. Align with their mission to become number one mobile operator in Malaysia by 2013 and vision to deliver best service for customers and growing innovation in mobile technology, currently Celcom closing the gap with over 11 million subscribers by Quarter 4, 2010. Celcoms core business is in providing prepaid and postpaid mobile voice services. Under Prepaid strong hold, has 3 different brands covering different segmentation, Xpax including sub brand UOX and SOX for Youth segment, Blue for Basic Malaysian, and Celcom Sukses for International segment. In postpaid segment Celcom has Postpaid Exec to serve personal user and Celcom Biz to serve enterprise business user. Celcom strong growth has been further supplemented by the growing data services segment and mobile broadband business, making it Malaysias leading mobile broadband provider. All complete information about Celcom Axiata Berhard (Bhd) can be found through company website at www.celcom.com.my Purpose of Report This report was prepared to evaluate the IT Infrastructure and introduce cloud computing as part of IT future strategy to drive greater cost efficiencies, improvement business process as well new revenue stream for the company. It was commissioned by Mr. Noor Kamarul Anuar Nuruddin as Chief Information Technology Transformation Officer of Celcom Axiata Berhard IT INFRASTRUCTURE : ISSUES AND CHALLENGES To serve over 11 million subscriber and more than 3,900 employees nationwide at Head office included 6 regional offices, Celcom is really dependent to integrated, systematic and high standards Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure. Information technology is playing a very critical role to support and enhance business process, nevertheless to meet business expectation in timely manner. Issues Challenges According to General Manager IT Infrastructure there are several challenges in IT organization as listed below: Complexity of IT and Network elements to support business requirements its fact that IT has always been massively complex and considerably inefficient. To support business requirement, most often are not designed for efficiency but to get the job done. New business requirement which forced beyond articulated needs to create first-of-a-kind products and service. New disruptive technology in market like facebook and other social network has direct impact yet create reduction of customer voice usage and impacting to revenue growth slow-down. Increasing operation Maintenance cost Operational expenditure cost keeps increasing year on year by 9% mostly for maintenance legacy system and company profitability growth will be challenging to keep without continuous cost optimization. Continuation of staff reduction in response to smart spending initiative Celcom IT ecosystem To provide internal best solution, Celcom has policy standard operating environment (SOE) to use 2 different vendors in each major component. These 2 vendors should be chosen from Tier 1 and Tier 2 recommendation by Gartner and able to provide best and breed solutions. Gartner, Inc. is the worlds leading information technology research and advisory company headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.A., and has 4,400 associates, including 1,200 research analysts and consultants, and clients in 85 countries (http://www.gartner.com/technology/about.jsp). Under current organization, Celcom IT ecosystem consists of: Office automation Office automation is really important to support daily works for all employees. According to Wikipedia (2011, p. 1) office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. Office automation helps in optimizing and automating existing office procedures which using LAN/WAN as back bone for Celcom offices and 45 branches including administration and management for electronic scheduling and messaging system using Outlook, antivirus, working desktop/laptop, telephony (Pabx), printer, scanner, facsimile, and mobile device for each employee. Enterprise Applications Enterprise applications are systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm and include all levels of management (Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 82). In Celcom, enterprise application enabling company to execute and optimize business support processes with modular solutions. SAP ERP Financials To handle core accounting and reporting capabilities, receivables management, treasury and shared services SAP Supply Chain Management (SCM) To support day to day business process procurement purchasing or management module, vendor record management, sourcing request for quotation (RFQ) management, contract management, purchase order management, requisition management, invoice processing, and automatic settlement SAP Sales Distribution (SD)To support processing sales quotation, processing sales order, and delivery starter pack reload coupon processing, reporting, and sales commission for dealer SAP provides better insight and visibility across organizations, improve operational efficiency and effectiveness, and increase flexibility to address business change. Human Resources people soft 9.0 To support business process of online attendance, employee claim management, leave, overtime management, record pay and compensation history, payroll and compensation, employee performance and development documents, review and evaluation, record history details employee, and recruitment Knowledge Management Intranet Celcom Blue-Net Intranet base portal with collection of knowledge and information reports compilation includes whitepapers, conference papers presented at various events. Interactive session and discussion forums chat and search engine functionality to ease searching knowledge process. Customer Service Relationship (CRM) handled by system Rover 2 Customer service tools for prepaid activation account service, customer enquiries, reload, customer record data, migration brand (change plan), and bill payment. Call Center (Amdocs) serve for call center agent to handling complaint, record complaint history, case interaction Sales Marketing Next System, Integrated with SAP SD to register activate customer account, ordering stock starter pack recharge, monitor sales performance, distributor allocate to certain id dealer and tagging id base on allocation for commission payment, real time report base on activation and reload denomination. Cube (Desk Next), monitoring sales performance base on distributor until business manager until dealer name, floating stock, activation, distribution allocation, report payment commission base on tier incentive scheme and performance. Reporting Monitoring Operational Data Storage (ODS), consist of internal raw data of sales, revenue, recharge, migration, churn for analysis purposes. Enterprise Information Portal (EIP), is dashboard monitoring daily, weekly, monthly by brand and regional performance. Infrastructure Networking/Telecommunications LAN (local area network) connects network devices over a relatively short distance between floors and Wan (wide area network) connects networking Head office, regional office and branches. Data management and storage A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated storage network that provides access to consolidated, block level storage. SAN used to make storage devices having accessible to servers and devices appear as locally attached to the operating system. On top of that, for data management and storage also using network attached storage as a convenient method of sharing files for multiple computers with additional benefits of network-attached storage, which giving faster data access, easier administration, and simple configuration Security To protect networks from unauthorized access while permitting legitimate communications and Firewall, Anti Virus, Anti Spamming Back up recovery and monitoring The purpose to do back up, recovery and monitoring is to avoid data losses and ability to recover data in certain time frame where have been defined by user under data retention policy made by company. CLOUD COMPUTING and ITS BENEFITS COST Overview of Cloud Computing Base on NIST Definition of Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 2) Four deployment models differentiation base on NIST definition of cloud computing (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 3) Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds) Cloud computing is the current highlight among IT expert and strategically to push cloud computing forward. First, Cloud computing enabling technologies such as virtualization, open source, massive scale automation and multi tenancy. Second, more successful vendor with their offerings are filling the market with positive customer experiences. Third, recession continues to squeeze funds from IT budgets and prompt CIOs to look for more ways to save money. By it characteristic flexible and scalable, cloud computing business models base on as-needed basis or popular with pay-as-you-go. These new business models will reduce the amount of capital and resources tied up in in-house IT, automated and charges base on actual usage data and user able to access lightweight applications that are sufficient for specific business needs, self serve. Cloud Computing Solutions Base on NIST Definition of Cloud Computing there are 3services models of cloud computing solution (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 2) : SAAS Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the providers applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g.,web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). Benefits Cost of Cloud Computing Understanding current ecosystem in company, SAAS and IAAS are better option to be adapted to achieve cost reduction and improve business process. Currently, some leading cloud vendors such as Amazon, Sales Force, Google, Citrix and Microsoft, HP are providing cloud computing solutions. Benefits SAAS models Some application offered by clouds vendors can be considered to be applied such as Sales and CRM application where give company more benefits: Lower capital costs flexible pricing models. With cloud computing company dont need to spend large investments on servers and storage, up front licenses fees, maintenance fees for software. New pricing models bring by cloud computing are typically paid for on a per user subscription basis. Mobility and Flexibility. applications can be accessible anytime and anywhere using internet connection Ease of use, maintenance and integration. User friendly application, easy to configure and easy to integrate with other application in current ecosystem Reliable and Secure. There are more cloud computing provider in the market with numbers of client offering reliability and security over data and 24 hours support. Seamless software upgrade. Upgrade to latest software can be done seamlessly to add more features with no additional cost. Benefits IAAS models Company can consider private cloud computing in data center by doing virtualization whereby Virtualization is a converged infrastructure for shared services where as few number of server would be act as a pool of data centers removing hundred over physical servers which seated and eating up floor space and power consumption. Benefit from virtualization can be obtained from 3 areas: Automates application provisioning. Automates application provisioning eliminates number of actual resources and time consumed in internal meetings required for coordination Time savings. Application deployment elapsed time savings; virtualization allows application to be set up in minutes instead of weeks or months. Power infrastructure cost avoidance; Compaq structured data center cutting down electricity cost hence there is no more massive power and cooling needed. RECOMMENDATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING ADAPTION Along the line with company strategy to be number 1 mobile operator in Malaysia by 2013, and look into market maturity company need to improve business process, focus on cost reduction, and drive new revenue stream from non voice and data. Business growth always required more IT investment meanwhile in the same time company need to focus on cost reduction. Current company grand IT infrastructure still using traditional concept where by company buy and have full ownership all hardware and software. All Malaysia mobile operators havent considered cloud computing as part of IT strategy, but major global mobile operators such as ATT, British Telecom, Orange, Verizon include SingTel in Asia region has adapt cloud computing in their IT strategy. To achieve greater competitive advantages and gain more market share we recommend company to start consider cloud computing as part of IT strategy. Meanwhile IT division have to do proper analysis and examination to create comprehensive cloud computing strategy, we suggest company adopt light application sales cloud offered by Sales force and doing virtualization for IAAS as a pilot project to introduce cloud computing solutions. Improvement sales business process using SAAS model Base on observation in sales division, more than 70% time consume by sales agent not for selling but looking for information for new leads dealership, customer complaint, deal updates, administration and approval, data monitoring, product and promotion latest updates and presentations. There is no application collaboration from head office until regional level that can help them to get all above information so they can concentrate more to sales jobs. Sales force offer sales cloud service base on pay per user basis where user can access it anywhere through an Internet-enabled mobile device or a connected computer can be answered to above problems. Sales force founded in March 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez specializing in software as a service (SaaS). Currently, have 82,400 customers and over 2,100,000 subscribers. Sales force, service running in the cloud. Some benefits using sales service cloud from Sales Force are: Integrated application and information from leads, account, contact, opportunities, reports and dashboard in one application, hence sales customer service agent will not waste their working time to find information and juggle in different application Real time update information through smart phone hence latest product and promotion can be reached in quicker time for sales and customer service agent. Since every employee in company have been provided blackberry smart phone, from now on blackberry will bring new function to support sales and service. Small investment compare to total cost of ownership internal technology assets from hardware and software acquisition, installation, training, support, maintenance, infrastructure, downtime/failure cost, space and energy. Flexibility upgrade to new software whenever needed without losing cost on prior internal in house investment and additional hardware to support customer growth. Include automatic latest version upgrade without losing time upgrading each of computer unit High adoption due to sales force is using web base application internet and also training support Seamless Integration due to sales force is using different application programming interface (Api) that easily can be integrated with current company infrastructure As we discussed earlier, in cloud business models sales force are giving lower capital cost because company dont need to spend in large servers, storage, license fee and ongoing maintenance by giving flexible pricing models base on number of user starting from USD5 125/user/month Deliver cost optimization through Private Cloud Virtualization For years, IT have been adding servers, storage and networking devices to keep pace with applications and data generation. As a result Celcom has a massive data center where by IT resources locked up in countless number technology structured. To ensure service level agreements (SLAs), IT resources have created over provisioning and underutilization, becoming collectively difficult to manage. As a result, greater budget portion is being spent on operations and create more difficulties for IT to deploy new services in quickly and efficiently manner. To avoid further diminished productivity, complex networking and unnecessary facility cost, IT organization must heads up to private cloud by doing virtualization server. provision and modify complex infrastructure can be done in minutes not months thru self provision from desktop, notebook even tablet pc from anywhere in or out office contrary with legacy system where need more staff and third party to provision. When additional capacity is needed, workload can be moved to where capacity is exists and server that isnt used can be shut down to save energy. Utilization of servers is increasing; reducing loaded of servers needed in data center and minimizes floor space. To get better view how much cost can be saved by doing virtualization, HP technical team did exercise calculation total savings over 3 years together using HP Blade system Matrix. Illustration of calculation as below table : . Launch IAAS as an opportunity to gain new revenue stream In long term strategy, virtualization is also leading company as telecommunication provider to serve Current enterprise business customers (SMEs) by offering Infrastructure as a service (Iaas). These can also be seen as a potential opportunity to gain new revenue streams. As a benchmark ATT Europe Telecommunication provider has launched Sypnotic storage as a service. Sypnotic storage as a service is Web service-based virtualized storage on-demand solution that easily scales up and down with pay-only-for storage used availability. Sypnotic a pay-as-you-go service that is billed based on company actual usage each month. The service has several usage-based components, including virtual machine resources, networking resources, additional storage and data access. (Peter Hall. 2010, p.10). In bottom line, Celcom also has huge opportunity to bundle Iaas service with current business package with voice, broadband, business mobile and email solution to existing Celcom Biz enterprise customers. Celcom can leverage reputations and solid performances to offer reliable, comprehensive and secure cloud services. CONCLUSION This report has analyzed overall the grand IT infrastructure, current disruptive technology of cloud computing solution and overall business strategy. The following points and findings were made in this report: Information technology has enter to new era with cloud computing solutions where offer flexibility, scalability and new pricing model Company must consider cloud computing solutions to achieve improvement in business process, cost reduction and chance to gain new revenue stream by having new product solution for business customers. Celcom as a multinational company must have strategic outlook on the future of ICT practices as market is undergoing changes due to technological advancements. It is also important company to adapt and follow market trends and increase ability to compete in the market. Company to adapt sales cloud offer by sales force to improve business process in sales division. Company to develop private cloud computing by doing virtualization makes it easier for IT to deliver faster and taking advantage of speed to deploy IT-based solutions faster to meet the business needs. In the end, virtualization aim to increase productivity and reduce facility cost. Company also has huge opportunity to deliver new business services by bundle Iaas with current business package such as voice, broadband, business mobile and email solution to existing Celcom Biz enterprise customers. By ensuring the value of services delivered via cloud computing, company not only delivers business value to their business users but increase value preposition and extend company sustainability.

Chicanos Essay -- Mexican American History Culture Race Essays

Chicanos With the advancements in technology today, the process of learning has become easier. Instead of just reading, one can look at video documentaries or web sites to acquire information they need or want. In my Latinos in the U.S. class, we have access to all types of information in our quest to learn about Mexican-American history. By reading Zaragosa Vargas= Problems in Mexican-American History, looking at the Chicano Park web site and viewing part one of the Chicano! video documentary, I have encountered a variety of representations of Mexican-American history. However they are not all of the same quality for the video and web site do not give as much information as the readings in Vargas= book or the class lectures and discussions do. Both the video and web site touch on a very small portion Mexican-American history, however, they only refer to the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo established in 1848 and that Mexicans are of Aztlan heritage. Chicano Park, is an area seventeen miles north of the United States-Mexico border in San Diego County. It was established in 1905 as Logan Heights and became known as Barrio Logan by the large Mexican population that exists in it. This population has a distinguished history that is told in the web site. One may think that this is the history of all Mexican-Americans, but it is not. The effect of certain events that occurred in Mexican-American history on this community and California, such as the Chicano Civil Rights Movement and the Chicano Moratorium march against the Vietnam war, is addressed. The major outcome of these events emphasized by the web site is the influence it had on art in the Mexican-American culture. However, the history and other effects on al... ...liable, which just coincides with the fact that so many people have access to the web and can post anything they want to, so who knows if it is really worth believing. The video, on the other hand, is a good educational tool because it shows actual footage. The only fault is that it does not tell the whole history which might make it a little difficult to understand. Lastly, the textbook is the best source because it contains actual documents from time periods throughout the whole Mexican-American history, from the beginning to the present which is what gives us a full understanding of the events that occur. Bibliography Chicano! (Part1) -- http://www.pbs.org/chicano/index.html Chicano Park-- http://chicanopark.org/ Figueroa, Luis. (Lecture Notes) Zaragosa Vargas. Major Problems in Mexican American History. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999)

Haus Mart Case Essay

This report evaluates whether Exel should move into supply chain planning with Haus Mart at this time or pursue some other strategy for advancing Exel’s current role. Economic and strategic arguments will be provided to convince Exel leadership of the best course of action. The following bullet points will identify the key issues in the case followed by an analysis of those issues. Haus Mart is reliant on over 650 supply chains worldwide to control the freight management responsibilities for all of its brand name products, representing 70% of the company’s revenue, which creates substantial risk in terms of receiving orders on time and of the right quantity and quality. Exel does not control the sixth DC, so though Exel conducts exceptional freight management of all private label products (30% of company revenue), the logistics company has no control over the process for those products delivered to the sixth DC. Exel has a proven track record of keeping and extending the scope with its customers. Exel has extensive experience and well-established global networks for freight management (675 locations in 112 countries) and contract logistics (1,600 facilities in 120 countries) and is well qualified to assume a supply chain planning role with Haus Mart. However, the purpose of moving beyond simple coordination to supply chain planning under the new Lead Logistics Partner (LLP) model is to allow Exel to help its customers match supply with demand, identify drivers of risk, and reduce the risk to both companies. The issues presented above are fair warning that a sudden transition into a business-wide supply chain planning role would not be a wise next step for Exel at this time. However, Exel can assume a limited supply chain planning role which will be discussed in the action plan later  on. The issue of 650 global suppliers of brand name products is the most concerning issue in evaluating the opportunity at hand. It would be very difficult for Exel to forge strategic planning decisions and guarantee results while having no control of the freight management of 70% of Haus Mart’s revenue. Once concern is that there are too many brand name product suppliers. With an overabundance of suppliers come high costs, high risks, shallow relationships, low leverage, a lack of high volume discounts, poor performance and a slew of other concerns that make Haus Mart inefficient and unable to guarantee its customers a sure thing. Haus Mart needs excellently performing suppliers, not too many suppliers. The other obvious concern is that these suppliers control the freight management. For supply chain planning to be successful for Exel, freight management and contract logistics must work together to create an efficient supply chain from the source point to the point of sale. Exel is doing an excellent job running five of the six DCs for Haus Mart and delivering those products to the 350 German stores as well as executing brilliant in-store logistics. However, any disruption in the freight management of these brand name products before they reach the DCs will pull the rug out from under Exel’s supply chain planning and may involve the company in a decision which loses Haus Mart money. The other main issue is that Exel has no control over the sixth DC. Therefore, Exel is limited on the efficiencies and cost savings it could produce for Haus Mart. Freight management and transportation in Germany for all private label products are run by Exel. So for the five DCs Exel runs, the logistics company can depend on excellent freight management for these private label products. This is the one business situation between Haus Mart and Exel where a supply chain planning role would be effective at this time. The reason being, this is the only situation where Exel has full control of the supply chain from freight management in Turkey, through the five distribution centers to the stores in Germany. In this case, all risk incurred would depend on the performance of Exel alone. The 3PL running the sixth DC is consistently underperforming compared to Exel. As a result,  despite excellent freight management, Exel has no control over the contract logistics for private label products flowing through this DC and certainly no control over the brand name products. Exel has no way of coordinating with this DC to provide best in class delivery and in-store logistics to the German stores this DC delivers to. Exel can conduct reactive in-store logistics at these locations, but there is no way to benefit from the coordination and efficiencies produced by the DC and store locations working together to best serve the consumer. Exel and Haus Mart should consider the following action plan to address these issues and put Exel in an ideal position to assume a business-wide supply chain planning role. First, Exel should assume supply chain planning for private label products flowing through the five DCs it controls. As mentioned before, Exel manages the supply chain from start to finish and this case and depends on its own expertise to mitigate risk. Second, Haus Mart needs to conduct a supplier performance analysis and look for ways to trim the fat off of its 650 brand name product suppliers for the many reasons mentioned earlier. A CAGE analysis should also be conducted to determine the cultural, administrative, geographic and economic advantages/disadvantages of all suppliers both from a regional perspective and by country. Haus Mart can then move to consolidate its suppliers. One critical consideration must remain top of mind. The company must not accidentally remove key value-adding partners or strategic alliances, which may potentially destroy key relationships and jeopardize the overall supply chain. Third, Haus Mart should start transitioning Exel into taking over the freight management role for all brand name products. Start with a few key suppliers. As the supplier consolidation finishes, Exel will continue assuming freight management responsibilities one supplier at a time until it controls the whole show. Fourth, Haus Mart should give Exel control of the sixth DC when the other 3PL’s contract expires. This 4-step action plan will create an ideal environment in which Exel can effectively deliver best-in-class supply chain management solutions. Both freight management and contract logistics would operate via Exel’s excellent IT management systems allowing Exel to achieve its informational technology  objective of maintaining accurate data. With a consolidated list of suppliers for brand name products and Exel in control of freight management for private label and brand name products, Haus Mart planners could then trust execution and be trained against resorting to costly â€Å"just in case† behaviors such as ordering extra inventory. With Exel managing the supply chain from start to finish, freight management to contract logistics, Haus Mart will see significant savings both immediate and long-term. Then, having developed some experience in supply chain planning per step one, Exel would be in a great position to assume a business-wide supply chain planning role at Ha us Mart.

Handle Information in Health and Social Care Settings Essay

Competent practice is a combination of the application and skills and knowledge informed by values and ethics. These questions detail the knowledge and understanding required in carrying out competent practice in the performance described in the unit Learner Name: Laeticia Belle Assessor: Date: 1. Identify the legislation that relates to the recording, storage and sharing of information in health and social care? The data protection act 1998 is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. It defines the law on processing data on people living within the United Kingdom. The data protection act is set you in eight principles: Personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully. Personal data must only be obtained for a specific and lawful purpose it shall not be processed in any manner incompatible with the purpose it was acquired for. All personal data must be adequate, relevant and not accesive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed. All personal data must not be kept for any longer than its necessary. It can only be kept for the time needed for the purpose of that information. All personal is processed in accordance with the subject rights. They have the right to have the data about themselves removed if they so wish. All personal data must be secured at all time. Appropriate technical and  organisational measures must be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental lost, destruction or damage. Any personal data must not be transferred to any countries or territories outside the European economic area (EEA) without adequate protection. The freedom of information act 200: this gives individuals the right to ask organisations such as local authority, GP’s, local police all the information they have about them. They are some information that might be withheld to protect various interests which if that’s the case, the individual must be aware of it and information about individuals will be handled under the data protection act 1998. The full provision of the freedom of information act 200 came into past in January 2005 2. Explain why it is important to have secure systems for recording and storing information in a health and social care setting? It is vital to have a secure system for recording and storing information in health and social care settings so that both individuals and staffs private information will be protected from unauthorised viewing. It is the right of the individual and staff for their private information to  EverGreen Academy QCF Diploma Health & Social Care level 2 Unit: CU2547 Contribute to Health and Safety in Health and Social Care Knowledge Questions Competent practice is a combination of the application and skills and knowledge informed by values and ethics. These questions detail the knowledge and understanding required in carrying out competent practice in the performance described in the unit Learner Name: Nyandeng Malek Assessor: Elizabeth Ani Date: 1. Identify legislation relating to general health and safety in a health or social care work setting? 2. Describe the main points of the health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer? 3. Outline the main health and safety responsibilities 4. Identify tasks relating to health and safety that should not be carried out without special training? 5. Explain how to access additional support and information relating to health and safety? 6. Explain why it is important to assess health and safety hazards posed by the work setting or by particular activities? 7. Explain how and when to report potential health and safety risks that have been identified? 8. Explain how risk assessment can help address dilemmas between rights and health and safety concerns? 9. Describe different types of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in own work setting? 10. Outline the procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occur? 11. Identify legislation that relates to moving and handling? 12. Explain principles for moving and handling equipment and other objects safely? 13. Identify hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the work setting? 14. Describe safe practices for: storing hazardous substances?  using hazardous substances?  disposing of hazardous substances and materials? 15. Describe practices that prevent fires from: Starting? Spreading? 16. Outline emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting? 17. Explain the importance of maintaining clear evacuation routes at all times? 18. Explain the importance of ensuring that others are aware of own whereabouts? 19. Identify common signs and indicators of stress? 20. Identify circumstances that tend to trigger own stress? 21. Describe ways to manage own stress? Learner signature: Date: Assessor signature: Date: IV signature(if sampled): Date: be protected therefore the protection of such information should be complied with the data protection act. Too protect confidentiality and ensures that information is accessible to those that needs to know, prevents identity thefts and maintain the rights of each individuals. 3. Describe how to access guidance, information and advice about handling information? There are many different ways a care assistant can access guidance, information and advice about handling information. These include induction, training, company’s policies and procedures, colleagues, individuals; codes of practice such as general social care council (GSCC). 4. Explain what actions to take when there are concerns over the recording, storing or sharing of information? When concerns are raised over the recording, storing and sharing of information it is the health care assistances duty to ensure that the issue is made aware to the senior member of staff such as the supervisor, line manager and all to colleagues. It is also the health care assistances duty to ensure that such information is recorded accurately. The service users permission or consent must be obtained in case the information has to do with their privacy. If the information poses a threat or any sort of risk to the service user for example; in the case of abuse then the information must be passed to the appropriate superiors regardless of the service users giving their consent or not but confidentiality must be ensured.

Invisible Man Essay

Invisible Man Essay Having perception means that one can look deeper than the surface or to analyse an object, statement, or literature. In Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, IM has a problem with analysing the words and actions around him. He is not able to pick up on the real meaning of these words and actions, and therefore misses out on the big picture. IM's lack of perception inhibits him from seeing that Mr. Norton's motives and Dr. Bledsoe's intentions are directed towards their own advancement rather than for the sake of others.At this stage of his life, IM inquires about many ideas, he hungers for knowledge and an understanding of society. He wants to know the way society works and accepts what he sees on the outside, however he does not venture into the deeper or true meaning. IM cannot drill deeper because he fears what he will find out, he may find out that what he has been believing turns out falsely.Nortons kataloger nu i digital formHis maturing mind cannot analyse what goes on around him. Therefore, he does not see beyond the obvious. His constant goal of being accepted by whites blocks his mind from evolving. This happens because he always acts in terms of the white man. He will not do or think anything that could possibly disagree with the whites.Many times IM has failed to see the truth, because he concerns himself too much with impressing whites. He does not see what lies beneath Mr. Norton's skin. IM describes Mr. Norton as having "A face pink like St. Nicholas', topped off with a shock of silk white hair. An easy, informal manner, even with me. A Bostonian, smoker of cigars, teller of polite Negro stories, shrewd banker, skilled scientist, director, philanthropist, forty years a bearer of the white...

Tourism Essay Writing

Tourism Essay Writing What is a Tourism Essay? Tourism essay is a type of writing that explains, narrates or recommends relevant touristic information. For example, you spend an awesome vacation in Paris and your teachers want you to inform your fellow students about what you saw, what you liked, what impressed you, what is worth visiting, what is not and so on. From this perspective, an essay about your touristic impressions is a task that meets that objective. For this reason, students can receive tasks to write about their touristic experiences. Tourism essays can be written at various complexity levels that might differ significantly depending on the level of the paper. For instance, a high school level tourism essay will require students to provide a general account of events and provide the reader with very basic information about the place of interest, its attractions, impressions and the like. A masters level tourism essay is highly likely to be a proper research paper centered on tourism. A paper of such caliber, depending on the requirements, will require the writer to provide in-depth analysis of the regions touristic potential, analyze main reasons and problems that visitors encounter during their stay, discuss or explain touristic infrastructure of the place and so on. Bottom line is the writer will need to put much more effort in order to provide a quality product that meets the academic standard. What is Tourism? Tourism is defined as travel for social, business, medical and other purposes and involves living outside your normal living environment and last no longer than one calendar year. Stemming from the purpose, we can define various types of tourism, e.g. recreational, medical, business, religious, space, sex, safari and other kinds of tourism. According to the World Tourism Association, the top three most visited countries are the United States of America, Spain, and China. These are the locations that attract most tourists from other parts of the world. Here is one more example of tourism essay: Essay about Traveling Need a Tourism Essay? If you need to write an essay on tourism, youve come to the right place. Whatever your topic and level of complexity, we will be happy to help. Weve got the people, the experience and the technology needed to achieve the best result possible. We have been successfully writing essays on various topics, including tourism, since 2005 and guarantee you a top-notch end product. We know how to structure essays, know how to format them according to MLA, APA and/or other writing styles. Briefly, here is how writing at is done: You send us a request via the order page (or a simple email inquiry prior to ordering a paper). We review your request and respond with a preferable timeline, and if something is missing will ask you to supply the missing information (or will ask more questions). Once we have made sure the paper contains complete instructions, we assign a writer to work on it. If he or she has any questions, they will be sent to you via the messaging board of the customer control panel. Once the paper is complete, it will be scanned to plagiarism and emailed to you. In case you request any changes to the paper, we will gladly incorporate them as a part of our revision policy. We guarantee you that your experience with will be enjoyable and that you will be satisfied with the outcome.

German Vocabulary Related to Cars and Driving in German Europe

German Vocabulary Related to Cars and Driving in German Europe Because cars and car culture are so significant in Germany, no German vocab lesson would be complete without understanding car parts. A German language beginner will be well equipped to talk shop after reviewing these terms. Words are accompanied by parts of speech (adj, adv, n, and v for adjective, adverb, noun, and verb, respectively), suffixes that pluralize (-e, -n, -en, -er, se, and -s), and UK for U.K. terminology not used in the U.S. As with many languages outside of English, noun genders are extremely important. Thus, nouns are further listed with r  (for der, the masculine article),  e  (for die, the feminine),  or s  (for das, what we call neuter, for neither masculine or feminine). English/German Car and Driver Phrases and Vocabulary A anti-lock brake system, ABS (n):  s Antiblockiersystem  (ABS) accelerate  (v):  beschleunigen,  Gas geben acceleration (n):  e Beschleunigung to have good/bad acceleration (v):  eine gute/schlechte Beschleunigung haben accelerator (n):  s Gaspedal,  s Gas accident (n):  r Unfall, Unflle adjustable (adj):  verstellbar electrically adjustable seats (n):  elektrisch verstellbare Sitze airbag (n):  r Airbag(-s) side airbags (n): e Seitenairbags air brake (n):  e Luftdruckbremse(-n) air cleaner/filter (n):  r Luftfilter air conditioned (adj):  klimatisiert air conditioning (system) (n):  e Klimaanlage,  e Aircondition  (no -ed or -ing!)air conditioning (cooling) (n):  e Klimatisierung alarm system (n):  e  (Auto)Alarmanlage,  e Diebstahlwarnanlage all-wheel drive (n):  r Allradantrieb alternator (n):  e Lichtmaschine(-n) aluminum wheel/rim (n):  e Alufelge(-n) antifreeze (n):  r Frostschutz,  s Frostschutzmittel armrest (n):  e Armlehne(-n) ashtray (n):  r Aschenbecher auto, car (n):  s Auto(-s),  r Wagen automobile (n):  r Kraftwagenvehicle (n):  s Kraftfahrzeug  (Kfz)passenger car (n):  Personenkraftwagen (Pkw, pay-kaw-vay)truck (n):  Lastkraftwagen (Lkw) autobahn, freeway (n):  e Autobahn(-en) autobahn police, highway patrol (n):  e Autobahnpolizei automatic transmission (n):  s Automatengetriebe,  s Automatikgetriebe manual transmission (n):  s Schaltgetriebe avenue (n): e Allee(-n), e Chaussee axle (n):  e Achse(-n) to be on the road:  auf Achse sein  (car, truck)front axle (n):  e Vorderachse(-n)rear axle (n):  e Hinterachse(-n) B backrest (n):  e Rà ¼ckenstà ¼tze(-n) back-up light (n):  r Rà ¼ckfahrscheinwerfer back seat (n):  r Rà ¼cksitz(-e) battery (n):  e Batterie the batterys dead (n):  die Batterie ist leer belt  (mechanical) (n):  r Riemen fan belt (n):  r Keilriemen belt  safety (n):  r Gurt(-e) seat belt (n):  r Sicherheitsgurt beverage/cup holder (n):  r Becherhalter,  r Getrnkehalter,  r Cupholder blinker (n):  s Blinklicht(-er) warning blinker/flasher (n):  s Warnblinklicht body, bodywork (n):  e Karosserie(-en) bonnet (UK), hood (n):  e Haube(-n) boulevard (n): e Allee(-n), e Chaussee brake (n):  e Bremse(-n) brake fluid (n):  e Bremsflà ¼ssigkeitbrake light (n):  s Bremslicht(-er)brake lining (n):  r Bremsbelag(-e)brake pad (n):  r Bremsklotz(-klà ¶tzer)braking distance (n):  r Bremsweg(-e) brake (v): bremsen to slam on the brakes  (v):  auf die Klà ¶tzer treten Breathalyzer, drunkometer (n):  r Promillemesser bucket seat (n):  r Schalensitz(-e) bumper (n):  e Stoßstange(-n) bus, coach (n):  r Bus(-se) button, knob (n):  r Knopf (plural: Knà ¶pfe) C car, auto (n):  s Auto,  r Wagen car rental/hire, auto rental agency (n):  r Autoverleihrental/hire car (n):  r Mietwagen,  r Leihwagen car alarm (n):  e Autoalarmanlage car crash (n):  r Autounfall car key, ignition key (n):  r Autoschlà ¼ssel car radio (n):  s Autoradio carburetor (n):  r Vergaser cassette player (n):  r Kassettenspieler CD player (n):  r CD-Spieler catalytic converter (n):  r Katalysator central locking (n):  e Zentralverriegelung chassis (n):  s Chassis,  s Fahrgestell child seat, childrens seat (n):  r Kindersitz(-e) chime (for door, lights) (n):  s Gelut(-e) cigarette lighter (in car) (n):  r Zigarettenanzà ¼nder clock (n):  e Uhr(-en) clutch (n):  e Kupplung  (-en) clutch pedal (n):  s Kupplungspedallet in the clutch  (v): einkuppelnlet out the clutch  (v): auskuppeln collide, crash  (v)  einen Unfall haben,  zusammenstoßen  (two cars) collision, crash (n):  r Unfall,  r Zusammenstoß(-stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸e)rear-end collision (n):  r Auffahrunfallcollision, crash (into an object) (n):  r Aufprallcollision, crash (of several cars), pile-up (n):  e Karambolage console (n):  e Konsole(-n) controls (on dashboard, console, etc.) (n):  e Schalter convertible (n):  s Kabrio,  s Kabriolett coolant, cooling fluid (n):  s Kà ¼hlmittel crash, accident (n):  r Unfall,  r Zusammenstoß(-stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸e) crash (v):  einen Unfall haben cruise control (n):  r Tempomat cup holder (n):  r Becherhalter,  r Cupholder D dashboard (n):  s Armaturenbrett defroster (n):  r Entfroster dent (n):  e Beule(-n),  e Delle(-n) diesel engine/motor (n):  r Dieselmotor diesel fuel (n):  s Dieselà ¶l differential (n):  s Differenzial dim headlights, low beams (n):  s Abblendlicht drive with dimmed headlights (v):  mit Abblendlicht fahrendim (switch to low beams)  (v):  abblenden dimmer switch (n):  r Abblendschalter dipstick (n):  r Ãâ€"lmessstab(-stbe) directional signal (n):  r Blinker disc brake (n):  e Scheibenbremse(-n) door (n):  e Tà ¼r(-en) door handle (n):  r Tà ¼rgriff(-e) door lock(s) (n):  e Tà ¼rverriegelung automatic door locks (n):  automatische Tà ¼rverriegelungremote-control locks (n):  funkgesteuerte Tà ¼rverriegelung drive (n):  e Autofahrt,  e Fahrt, r Weg go for a drive (v):  fahren,  ein bisschen rausfahren drive (v):  fahren drive around (v):  herumfahren driver (n):  r Fahrer drivers license, driving licence  (UK) (n):  r Fà ¼hrerschein(-e) driveway (n):  e Einfahrt, e Ausfahrt Dont block driveway!: Einfahrt freihalten! driving school (n):  e Fahrschule(-n) drunk driving, DUI/DWI (n):  e Trunkenheit am Steuer drunkometer, Breathalyzer (n):  r Promillemesser E electric windows:  elektrische Fensterheber engine (n):  r Motor(-en) diesel engine/motor (n):  r Dieselmotor emergency (n):  r Notfall(-flle) emergency brake (n):  e Handbremse,  e Notbremseemergency flasher (n):  s Warnblinklichtemergency number (n):  r Notruf,  e Notrufnummer: 110 for police; 112 for fireemergency road sign (n):  s Warndreieck: (German drivers carry a triangular warning sign in their vehicle in case of emergencies)emergency roadside telephone (n):  s Notruftelefon,  e Notrufsule emission control system (n):  e Abgasreinigungsanlage emissions, exhaust (n):  e Abgase exhaust (n):  r Auspuff exhaust manifold (n):  r Auspuffkrà ¼mmerexhaust muffler (n):  r Auspufftopfexhaust pipe (n):  s Auspuffrohr excursion, side-trip (n):  r Abstecher,  r Ausflug to take an excursion (v):  einen Ausflug machen F fan (n):  r Ventilator(-en) fan belt (n):  r Keilriemen fender (n):  r Kotflà ¼gel fender-bender (n):  kleiner Blechschaden filler cap, gas cap (n):  r Tankdeckel filling station, gas station (n):  e Tankstelle(-n) first aid kit (n):  r Verbandskasten(-ksten) flasher, hazard warning light (n):  e Lichthupe(-n),  s Warnblinklicht(-er) hazard warning lights (n):  e Warnblinkanlage(-n) floor mat (n):  e Fußmatte(-n) folding  (adj):  klappbar folding cup holder (n):  klappbarer Becherhalter fluid (brake, washer, etc.) (n):  e Flà ¼ssigkeit(-en) fog light (n):  r Nebelscheinwerfer rear fog light (n):  e Nebelschlussleuchte(-n) four-wheel drive (n):  r Vierradantrieb four-stroke engine (n):  r Viertaktmotor(-en) freeway, autobahn (n):  e Autobahn(-en) front door (n):  e Vordertà ¼r(-en) rear door (n):  e Hintertà ¼r front seat (n):  r Vordersitz(-e) front-wheel drive (n):  r Vorderradantrieb fuel (n):  r Kraftstoff,  r Treibstoff,  r Sprit,  s Benzin fuel (v):  tanken,  auftanken,  Treibstoff aufnehmen fuel economy (n):  geringer Kraftstoffverbrauch fuel gauge, gas gauge (n):  e Benzinuhr,  e Tankuhr fuel injection (n):  e Einspritzung fuel injection engine (n):  r Einspritzmotor fuel tank, gas tank (n):  r Tank fuse (n):  e Sicherung(-en) fuse box (n):  r Sicherungskasten(-ksten) G garage (house) (n):  e Garage(-n) in the garage: in der Garage garage (repairs) (n):  e Werkstatt(-n) in the garage: bei der Reparatur,  in der Werkstatt garage door (n):  s Garagentor(-e) garage door opener (n):  r Garagentorà ¶ffner gasoline, petrol (n):  s Benzin unleaded gas (n):  bleifreies Benzin gas cap (n):  r Tankdeckel gas cap cover (n):  e Tankklappe(-n)gas station (n):  e Tankstelle(-n)gas tank (n):  r Tank(-s) gauge (indicator) (n):  r Anzeiger,  e Uhr gas gauge (n):  e Benzinuhroil pressure gauge (n):  r Ãâ€"ldruckanzeigertemperature gauge (n):  r Temperaturanzeiger,  r Fernthermometer gear (n):  r Gang  (Gnge) first/second gear (n):  erster/zweiter Gangneutral gear (n):  r Leerlaufput in gear (v):  einen Gang einlegenput in third gear (v):  den dritten Gang einlegenswitch gears (v):  schaltenswitch into second gear (v):  in den zweiten Gang schalten gearbox (n):  s Getriebe gear shift lever, gear stick (console, floor) (n):  r Schalthebel gear shift lever (steering wheel) (n):  r Schaltknà ¼ppel generator (n):  r Dynamo,  r Generator,  e Lichtmaschine glove box/compartment (n):  s Handschuhfach glycol (n):  s Glykol grill (radiator) (n):  r Kà ¼hlergrill H halogen light (n):  e Halogenlampe(-n) hazard warning lights (n):  e Warnblinkanlage(-n) headlight (n):  r Scheinwerfer head restraint, headrest (n):  e Kopfstà ¼tze(-en) headroom (n):  r Kopfraum heater, heating (n):  e Heizung,  s Heizgert high beam (n):  s Fernlicht highway (n):  e Fernstraße(-n),  e Bundesstraße(-n) federal highway (n):  e Bundesstraßehighway (fuel mileage) (adv):  außerortscity (fuel mileage) (adv):  innerortshighway patrol (n):  e Autobahnpolizei,  e Polizei hitch-hike, hitch a ride (n):  per Anhalter fahren, trampen hitch-hiker (n):  r Anhalter,  e Anhalterin(-en)hitch-hiking (n):  s Trampen hood (convertible top) (n):  s Verdeck drive with hood/top down (v):  mit offenem Verdeck fahren hood, bonnet (engine) (n):  e Haube(-n),  e Motorhaube(-n) hood ornament (n):  e Kà ¼hlerfigur(-en) hood release (n):  r Haubenentriegeler,  r Motorhaubenentriegeler horn (n):  e Hupe(-n) blow/sound the horn (v):  hupen, auf die Hupe drà ¼cken horsepower, hp (n):  e Pferdestrke  (PS) a 190 hp engine (n):  ein Motor mit 190 PS hub (wheel) (n):  e Radnabe(-n) hub cap (n):  e Radkappe(-n) hydroplaning (n):  s Aquaplaning,  s Hydroplaning I idle (neutral gear) (n):  r Leerlauf idle (v):  leer laufen,  im Leerlauf laufen ignition (n):  e Zà ¼ndung ignition key (n):  r Zà ¼ndschlà ¼sselignition lock (n):  s Zà ¼ndschlossignition system (n):  e Zà ¼ndanlage insurance (n):  e Versicherung auto/car insurance (n):  e Autoversicherung,  e Kraftfahrzeugversicherung internal combustion engine (n):  r Verbrennungsmotor(-en) interior (n):  r Innenraum interior light (n):  s Innenlicht J jack (n):  r Wagenheber jack (up) (v):  aufbocken jack-knife (n):  s Querstellen des Anhngers the truck jack-knifed (v):  der Anhnger des Lastwagens stellte sich quer jalopy (n):  e Klapperkiste(-n) joyride (n):  e Spritztour jumper cable, jump leads (UK) (n):  s Starthilfekabel junk heap, junker (n):  r Schrotthaufen,  s Schrottauto(-s) junkyard (n):  r Schrottplatz(-pltze) K key (n):  r Schlà ¼ssel,  r Autoschlà ¼ssel kilometer (n):  r kilometer kilowatt (kW) (n):  s Kilowatt (in place of horsepower) knob, button (n):  r Knopf  (Knà ¶pfe) knock (engine) (v):  klopfen mph (n):  km/h L lamp (n):  e Lampe(-n),  s Licht(-er) lane (n):  e Spur(-en), e Gasse, e Straße(-n), r Weg get in the correct lane (v):  einordnenin the left/right lane (adj):  in/auf der linken/rechten Spur lane marking/stripe (n):  e Spurmarkierung(-en) lap (auto racing) (n):  e Etappe(-n),  e Runde(-n) lap belt (n):  r Schoßgurt(-e) L-driver (UK), learner driver (n):  r Fahrschà ¼ler,  e Fahrschà ¼lerin(-nen) lead-free, unleaded (adj):  bleifrei,  unverbleit unleaded gas/petrol (adj):  bleifreies Benzin leather (n):  s Leder leather interior (n):  e Lederausstattungleather seats (n):  Ledersitze leatherette (n):  s Kunstleder lease (v):  leasen,  mieten leg room (n):  e Beinfreiheit,  r Fußraum lemon (defective car) (n):  ein defektes/schlechtes Auto license (driver) (n):  r Fà ¼hrerschein(-e) license number (n):  s Kfz-Kennzeichen license plate (n):  s Nummernschild(-er) light (n):  s Licht(-er) light switch (n):  r Lichtschalter lighting (n):  e Beleuchtung limousine (n):  e Limousine lock (n):  s Schloss door lock (n):  s Tà ¼rschlosscentral/automatic locking (n):  e Zentralverriegelungignition lock (n):  s Zà ¼ndschlosslocking steering wheel (n):  e Wegfahrsperrelocking system (n):  e Verriegelung lock (v):  abschließen,  verriegeln,  zuschließen lock the steering wheel (n):  s Lenkrad sperren/arretieren unlock (v):  aufschließen lube, lubricate (v):  schmieren,  Ãƒ ¶len lubricant (n):  s Schmierà ¶l lubrication (n):  s Schmieren lug, bolt (n):  r Bolzen lug nut (n):  e Bolzenmutter(-n) lug wrench (n):  r Bolzenschlà ¼ssel luggage compartment (n):  r Kofferraum luggage net (n):  s Gepcknetzluggage rack (n):  r Gepcktrger luxury car (n):  s Luxusauto(-s) M magneto (n):  r Magnetzà ¼nder maintenance (n):  e Wartung manifold (exhaust) (n):  s Auspuffrohr manifold (intake) (n):  s Ansaugrohr manual transmission (n):  s Schaltgetriebe mechanic (n):  r Mechaniker auto/car mechanic (n):  r Automechaniker methanol (n):  s Methanol miles per gallon:  Liter auf 100 km gallon (n):  e Gallonemile (n):  r 1.61 kilometermile (n):  e Meile(-n)mileage (n):  r Benzinverbrauch,  r Kraftstoffverbrauchmiles per gallon:  Meilen pro Gallone mirror (n):  r Spiegel(-n) rear-view mirror (n):  r Rà ¼ckspiegelside/wing mirror (n):  r Außenspiegel motor (n):  r Motor(-en) motor, drive (v):  mit dem Auto fahren motorist (n):  r Autofahrer,  e Autofahrerin(-nen) motorway (UK), freeway (n):  e Autobahn(-en) motel (n):  s Motel(-s) mud flap/guard (n):  r Schmutzfnger muffler (n):  r Auspufftopf N neutral gear (n):  r Leerlauf nut (on bolt) (n):  e Mutter(-n) O octane (n):  s Oktan high-octane gas/fuel (n):  Benzin/Kraftstoff mit hoher Oktanzahl odometer (n):  r Kilometerzhler speedometer (n):  r Tachometertachometer (revolution counter) (n):  r Drehzahlmesser off-road vehicle (n):  s Gelndefahrzeug(-e) oil (n):  s Ãâ€"l oil change (n):  r Ãâ€"lwechseloil level (n):  r Ãâ€"lstandoil level warning (n):  e Ãâ€"lstandswarnungoil pressure (n):  r Ãâ€"ldruck one-way street (n):  e Einbahnstraße(-n) open (adj):  frei open road/highway (n):  freie Fahrtopen to traffic (n):  Durchfahrt frei output (n):  e Leistung outside mirrors (n):  Außenspiegel overheat (motor) (v):  Ãƒ ¼berhitzen,  heißlaufen overpass (n):  e ÃÅ"berfà ¼hrung oversized/long vehicle (n):  s Lang-Fahrzeug(-e) overtake, pass (v):  Ãƒ ¼berholen owner (n):  r Besitzer ozone (n):  s Ozon P park (v):  parken parking (n):  s Parken,  s Einparkenno parking (n):  r Parkverbotparking for 25 cars:  25 Parkpltzeplenty of parking:  genug Parkpltzeparking attendant (n):  r Parkplatzwchterparking bay (n):  e Parkbuchtparking brake (n):  e Parkbremseparking disk (n):  e Parkscheibe(-n)parking fine (n):  e Geldbuße (fà ¼r Parkvergehen)parking garage, car park (n):  s Parkhaus(-huser)parking light, sidelight (n):  s Standlicht(-er)parking lot (n):  r Parkplatzparking meter (n):  e Parkuhr(-en)parking space (n):  r Parkplatz(-pltze),  r Stellplatz  (off-street)parking ticket (n):  r Strafzettel parkway (n):  e Allee(-n) part (n):  r Teil(-e) car parts (n):  Autoteilemoving parts (n):  bewegliche Teilespare parts (n):  Ersatzteile pass, overtake (v):  Ãƒ ¼berholen no passing (n):  r ÃÅ"berholverbot passenger (in car) (n):  r Beifahrer,  r Mitfahrer passenger door (n):  e Beifahrertà ¼r(-en)passenger seat (n):  r Beifahrersitz(-e) passing lane (n):  e ÃÅ"berholspur(-en) pave (v):  betonieren  (concrete),  asphaltieren,  pflastern  (with stones) pavement, paving (n):  r Bodenbelag,  e Straße leave the pavement/road (v):  von der Straße abkommen pedal (n):  s Pedal(-e) put the pedal to the metal (v):  Vollgas geben per gallon:  pro Gallone per hour (n):  pro Stunde 62 mph: 100 km/h piston (n):  r Kolben piston engine (n):  r Kolbenmotor(-en)piston ring (n):  r  Kolbenring(-e)piston rod (n):  e Kolbenstange(-n) power locks (n):  e Zentralverriegelung power brakes (n):  Servobremsenpower mirrors (n):  elektrische Spiegelpower roof (n):  elektrisches Schiebedachpower steering (n):  e Servolenkungpower windows (n):  elektrische Fensterheber pressure (n):  r Druck oil pressure (n):  r Ãâ€"ldrucktire/tyre pressure (n):  r Reifendruck public transportation (n):  Ãƒ ¶ffentlicher Verkehr pump (n):  e Pumpe(-n) fuel pump (n):  e Benzinpumpe puncture, flat tire (n):  e Reifenpanne R radar (n):  s Radar radar detector (n):  r Radardetektor(-en)radar gun (n):  s Radar-Geschwindigkeitsmeßgert(-e)radar (speed) trap (n):  e Radarfalle(-n) radial tire (n):  r Gà ¼rtelreifen radiator (n):  r Kà ¼hler radiator cap (n):  r Kà ¼hlerverschlussdeckelradiator fan (n):  r Kà ¼hlerventilatorradiator grill (n):  r Kà ¼hlergrill radio (n):  s Radio(-s) radio-controlled, remote-controlled (adj):  ferngesteuert rear, rear-end (n):  s Heck rear axle (n):  e Hinterachse(-n) front axle (n):  e Vorderachse(-n) rear door (n):  hintere Tà ¼r(-en) rear drive (n):  r Heckantrieb rear-end (n):  s Heck rear-end collision (n):  r Auffahrunfall rear engine (n):  r Heckmotor(-en) rear light, tail light (n):  s Rà ¼cklicht(-er) rear wheel (n):  s Hinterrad(-rder) rear window (n):  s Heckfenster rear window defogger/defroster (n):  r Heckfenster-Entfroster rear-view mirror (n):  r Rà ¼ckspiegel rear-wheel drive (n):  r Heckantrieb reflector (n):  r Reflektor(-en) remote control (n):  e Fernsteuerung remote control locking key (n):  r Funkschlà ¼ssel reverse (gear) (n):  r Rà ¼ckwrtsgang(-gnge) drive in reverse (v):  rà ¼ckwrts fahrenreversing/back-up lights (n):  Rà ¼ckfahrscheinwerfer right (side) (n):  rechts drive on the right (n):  rechts fahrenleft (n):  linkson the right side (of the road) (n):  auf der rechten Seiteright-hand drive (n):  rechtsgesteuert right of way (n):  e Vorfahrt he has the right of way:  er hat Vorfahrt rim (wheel) (n):  e Felge(-n) aluminum rims (n):  Alufelgen ring (n):  r Ring(-e) piston ring (n):  r Kolbenring(-e) road, lane (n):  e Straße(-n),  e Landstraße(-n) road atlas (n):  e Straßenatlasroadblock (n):  e Straßensperre(-n)road construction (n):  r Straßenbauroad map (n):  e Straßenkarte(-n)road rage (n):  e Aggressivitt im Straßenverkehrroadside, shoulder of road (n):  r Straßenrandroadway (n):  e Fahrbahn roof (n):  s Dach  (Dcher),  s Verdeck roof lining (car) (n):  r Himmel roof rack (n):  r Dachtrger running board (n):  s Trittbrett rust proofing/protection (n):  r Rostschutz S safety/seat belt (n):  r Sicherheitsgurt(-e) seat (n):  r Sitz(-e) back seat (n):  r Rà ¼cksitzdrivers seat (n):  r Fahrersitzfront seat (n):  r Vordersitzpassenger seat (n):  r Beifahrersitzseat belts (n):  Sicherheitsgurte service (n):  e Wartung service interval (n):  s Wartungsintervall(-e) shift (gears) (v):  schalten shift lever, gearshift (n):  r Schalthebel signal (traffic) (n):  e Ampel signal (turn) (v):  anzeigen skid (n):  s Schleudern skid (v):  schleudern smog (n):  r Smog smooth-running (adj):  ruhig laufend snow chain (n):  e Schneekette(-n) snow tire (n):  r MS Reifen,  r Winterreifen mud and snow tires (n):  Matsch und Schneereifen (MS)snow shoes (n):  Schneereifen spare part (n):  r Ersatzteil(-e) spare tire (n):  r Ersatzreifen spare wheel,  r Ersatzrad(-rder) spark plug (n):  e Zà ¼ndkerze(-n) speaker (audio) (n):  e Box(-en),  r Lautsprecher speed (n):  e Geschwindigkeit,  s Tempo speed (v):  flitzen,  rasen,  sausenspeed limit (n):  e Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung(-en)speed limit (n):  s Tempolimita speed limit of 100 (n):  Tempo 100speed trap (camera, radar)  slang (n):  r Flitzerblitzerspeed trap (radar) (n):  e Radarfalle speeder, speedster (n):  r Flitzer,  r Raser speaker (audio) (n):  e Box(-en),  r Lautsprecher speedometer (n):  r Tachometer tachometer (revolution counter) (n):  r Drehzahlmesser sports car (n):  r Sportwagen spring (n):  e  (Sprung)Feder(-n),  e Federung starter (n):  r Starter,  r Anlasser steering wheel (n):  s Lenkrad,  s Steuerrad at the wheel (n):  am Steuer stick/manual shift (n):  s Schaltgetriebe stock car racing (n):  s Stockcarrennen stop (bus, tram) (n):  e Haltestelle(-n)stop (action) (n):  s Halten,  s Stoppenstop (v):  stoppen,  halten,  stocken  (traffic jam)stop/traffic light (n):  e Ampelstop sign  s Stop-Zeichen,  s Halteschild(-er),  s Stoppschild(-er) street (n):  e Straße(-n) street corner (n):  e Straßenecke(-n)street/road map (n):  e Straßenkarte(-n)street sign (n):  s Straßenschild(-er) styling (n):  s Design,  s Styling stylish (adj):  stilvoll sun visor (n):  e Sonnenblende(-n) sunroof (n):  s Schiebedach(-dcher) suspension (springs) (n):  e Federung(-en) suspension (wheels) (n):  e Aufhngung(-en) T tachograph, trip recorder (n):  r Fahrtenschreiber The EU requires trip recorders, which electronically records truck or bus speeds, driving, and rest times. tachometer (n):  r Drehzahlmesser tailgate (n):  e Hecktà ¼r  (car),  e Ladeklappe  (truck) tailgate (v):  zu dicht auffahren tail lamp, tail light (n):  s Rà ¼cklicht(-er) temperature gauge (n):  r Temperaturmesser thermostat (n):  r Temperaturregler tire (n):  r Reifen toll (bridge, turnpike) (n):  e Maut(-en) toll charge for trucks (n):  e Lkw-Maut(-en) tow (v):  schleppen,  abschleppen traffic (n):  r Verkehr traffic circle (n):  r Kreisverkehrtraffic cop (n):  r Verkehrspolizist  (-en)traffic jam (n):  r Stau(-s),  e Stauungtraffic light, signal (n):  e Ampel(-n)traffic sign (n):  s Verkehrsschild(-er) trailer (n):  r Anhnger,  r Sattelauflieger  (truck) transmission (n):  s Getriebe(-n) tread (tire) (n):  s Profil,  e Laufflche truck, lorry (n):  r Lkw(-s),  r Lastwagen big rig, tractor-trailer (n):  r Brummi(-s)truck driver (n):  r Lkw-Fahrer,  r Brummifahrertrucker (n):  r Brummifahrertrucking (n):  e Speditiontruckstop (n):  s Fernfahrerlokal trunk, boot (n):  r Kofferraum tune, tune up (engine) (n):  tunen turnpike (n):  e Mautstraße,  e Mautautobahn turn signal (n):  s Blinklicht(-er) U undercoat (paint) (n):  e Grundierung(-en) undercoating (n):  r Unterbodenschutz unleaded fuel (n):  bleifreier Kraftstoff,  bleifreies Benzin V van (n):  r Transporter vehicle (n):  s Fahrzeug(-e),  s Kraftfahrzeug ventilation (n):  e Belà ¼ftung,  e Ventilation voltage (n):  e Spannung What is the voltage of...?  Wieviel Volt hat...? voltmeter (n):  s Voltmeter visor (n):  e Blende(-n) W warning light (n):  s Warnlicht(-er) water pump (n):  e Wasserpumpe(-n) wheel (n):  s Rad  (Rder) window (n):  s Fenster windshield, windscreen (n):  e Windschutzscheibe(-n) windshield washer (n):  e Scheibenwaschanlage(-n) windshield wiper (n):  r Scheibenwischer winter tire (n):  r Winterreifen wiper (n):  r Wischer wiper blade (n):  s Wischerblatt(-bltter),  r Wischergummi(-s) wiper speed (n):  e Wischergeschwindigkeit wiring (n):  elektrische Leitungen XYZ zenon light (n):  s Xenonlicht(-er) zero:  null from zero to sixty mph:  von null auf 100  km/h

Teams and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teams and Leadership - Essay Example Moreover, some of my personal attributes such as remaining calm and composed even during tough times, ability to delegate duties to people easily and self-confidence anchor the suitability of the role of chairman. The role of chairman needs someone who can be decisive when necessary, an example well portrayed when I had to decide and convince the team members that we needed a clear set of achievable objectives. This happened when we were having difficulties moving forward since every team member had different opinions and the argument was getting out of hand. The team members also listen and respect my inputs into the team just as I strive to give an ear to every team member. In regard to the above mentioned attributes, the example actions and outcomes can be used to justify my agreement with the role of chairman of the team who is the social leader of the group and is tasked with ensuring that all team members contribute fully (Fisher, Hunter & Macrosson, 2001). Part 2 For a team to perform successfully and fully achieve its objectives, it is imperative that all the Beblin’s roles are implemented when tackling tasks (Belbin, 2010a). Sometimes, despite clear roles and responsibilities, it can occur that a team is not performing at its best and falls short of its full potential. Absence of one or many roles in a team may have various implications to the team which could lead to underperformance or total non-performance of the team. Firstly, lack of implementation of all the Beblin’s roles can lead to a team becoming unbalanced and lacking focus. For example, lack of proper delegation of roles may lead to the team having to many people performing one role which may lead to unhealthy competition between team members thus derailing the team. Conversely, if no member has been identified to perform a certain role, the team may end up lacking in that field and fail to achieve its objectives. Secondly, if all the Beblin’s roles are not implemented when tackling tasks, the team may find that it is not able to get the job done or achieve its objectives. This is because those who are needed to turn the team’s ideas and concepts into practice are lacking. The team therefore becomes stagnant and fails to achieve its objectives (Beblin, 2010b). The team identified and delegated to the team members the roles of Coordinator or Chairman who was tasked with the overall social leadership of the group, Implementers who turned the ideas into practical actions and plans, Team Workers who were responsible for overseeing the general working of all members as a team, Monitor-Evaluators who analyzed the ideas and proposals presented by others and were also tasked with monitoring the overall progress of the team, Plants to come up with new ideas and approaches, and a Completer-Finisher to ensure that the team delivers in time and deadlines are met (Belbin, 2010b). The team, however, lacked shapers to ensure that the team did not become c omplacent or stuck when faced with a challenge. Therefore, the team was prone to become ineffective when faced with new problems. Lack of shaper in the team could lead to inertia and possibility of team members quitting due to lack of encouragement to push on and how to find the best approaches to solving problems. The team also lacked a resource investigator to lead the team in exploring new ideas and

Nursing - Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing - Health Promotion - Essay Example Theories and Models of Health Promotion There are a number of fundamental theories and models associated with health promotion. It is essential to differentiate between theories and models. Theories are an integrated set of proposed ideas that serve as an explanation for a phenomenon. Models are a sub-class of a theory. They provide a plan for investigation, and or addressing an event (Robinson & Hill, 1999). Below is a summary of the main theories and models utilized in health promotion: 1. The theories and models that attempt to expound health behaviour change and health behaviour by focusing on an individual. Examples include: †¢ Health belief model †¢ Theory of reasoned action †¢ Stages of change model †¢ Social learning theory 2. Theories and models that attempt to explain changes in communities and community actions for health. Examples include: †¢ Community mobilization; social planning, social action and community development †¢ Diffusion of inno vation 3. Models that attempt to explain the changes in organisations and the creation of health-supportive organisational practices such as theories of organisational change (Freire, 2002). Health Promotion Policy Documents There widely known policy documents on health promotion are the Ottawa Charter and the Jakarta Declaration. The Ottawa Charter outlines three basic tactics for health promotion. These are enabling all people to attain their full health potential; mediating between the various interests in society in the chase of health. The Jakarta Declaration identifies five health priorities. These are; promotion of social responsibilities for health, expanding partnerships for health promotion, increasing investments for health development, increasing community capacity and empowering individuals, and securing infrastructure for health promotion (Wallace & Appleton, 2011). Mental Health Promotion as an Aspect of Health Promotion Mental health promotion is vital for modern hea lthcare. Mental health nurses are a vital part of efficient and effective mental health services. In the past few years, they have participated in an absolutely crucial role in the transformation of mental health services. One of the most crucial aspects in health promotion is mental health promotion. Mental health nurses should focus on the broader needs of patients, applying their expertise to improve physical fitness through better health promotion activities and assessment, and by providing sufficient psychological therapy. Inpatient care delivery should be improved by extending the time mental health nurses spend in direct clinical contact with patients and minimising the time spent on administrative roles. Career structures for mental health nurses should be reviewed according to current needs and a wide range of new nursing roles developed and sustained. Mental health nurses should promote social inclusion for carers and their service users. Recruitment and retention of menta l health nurses should be improved through presenting positive messages on health to the media, linking colleges and schools and other initiatives. Case Study Michael is a 30-year-old man who lives alone in a bungalow in the outskirts of a city. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was

American Foriegn Relations 1964-1968 with China Research Paper

American Foriegn Relations 1964-1968 with China - Research Paper Example restrictions on travel to and trade with the China mainland; 6) the U.S. response to French recognition of the People's Republic of China; and 7) U.S. policy concerning Tibet.1 Lyndon B. Johnson was the president of the United States during the above-stated period and the official policy towards the Peoples Republic of China was a continuation of the policies of the previous governments. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 The US had not yet recognized the Communist government in China and it was instead supporting the Nationalist government run by Chiang Kai-shek which was stationed in Taiwan. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 A ban was imposed by the US on its citizen from travelling to and trading with the Peoples Republic of China. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 America was also giving support to the Chiang kai-shek government to retain its seat in the United Nations. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 But at this juncture, it was becoming evident that the US will have to recognize the new communist government in China in the near future as the communists had been consolidating their influence over the country. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 On October 16, 1964, when China carried out its first nuclear explosion, it was a great matter of concern for the US. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 The US did not see China yet militarily as a nuclear threat but the very fact that China had entered the nuclear group of nations was quite alarming for the US. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 The US went on a busy mission to convince its public as well as its allies that Chinese nuclear tests were not a potential threat. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 The then US Secretary of State, Dean Rusk had even recommended prior to Chinese nuclear test that â€Å"should China test, the United States should consider providing India and Japan with nuclear weapons.† BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Meanwhile, in the US diplomatic circles, a demand for change was felt regarding the US opposition to the UN recognition of Peoples Republic of China. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 In 1964, the US General Assembly concluded with a tie vote regarding the issue and a resolution stating that China’s inclusion into the UN needs to be a decision with two-thirds majority was passed only with a very nominal margin of votes. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Giving recognition to both the Peoples Republic

Ethical Issues related to the police use of force Research Paper

Ethical Issues related to the police use of force - Research Paper Example However, cases of using too much and illegalized force should decrease since there are new tactics of restricting suspects from their immoral behaviors (Safrath, 2011). In the past days of policing, the street police used force as a tactic of maintaining law and order and making their will obligatory. In the early 1960s, research shows that the police used too much force in the rebellions and disturbances caused by some people. However, the use of force by the police depends on the roles and responsibilities of the police. This means that some of the police in some departments do not exercise force in maintaining their duties since it is not ethically legal. On the other hand, some departments exercise the use of police force and it is sometimes mandatory for these departments to apply force. For instance, in case of riots and rebellion, the police needs to use force in order to maintain law and keep peace (Sagepub.com, 2008). In the United States, the police often exercise force in approximately 2 million cases per year. Each year, the police use force in over 3,600 occasions resulting to a mean of 600 people being killed (Huebsch, 2011). Police use of force is ethically justifiable for policing actions since it helps in maintaining and exercising their discretion. However, with these well-known ethical rules, the police cannot yet determine the infringement since most of them cannot be predictable by the rules. The domestic police and the military police often had common characteristics and same ethical standards. For instance, sometimes they necessitate on using excessive amount of force where required and sometimes they do not require to use force at all (Huebsch, 2011). This paper will analyze the ethical issues associated with police use of force. It will seek to establish whether it is ethically justifiable for police to use force. It is ethically justifiable for the police to exercise force in maintaining law and order. Police officers are

Merit & Public Goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merit & Public Goods - Essay Example The services provided by the government to some extent are related to the public goods, the merit goods, and the private goods. However, the relationship varies most when it comes to the public and the private goods as they involve the government. The public goods mostly revolve around, justice public order and defense; the merit goods revolve around education, health, and the other services that the private sector can provide. The relationship between the private and the merit goods differs totally from the relationship between the private and the public goods; hence, finally the government and the private consumption complement each other (Savas, 2005). The public goods are often under provided by a free market, as its characteristics are usually non-excludability and non-rivalry. Non rivalry means that the consumption of goods does not reduce the amount available for the other residents in the public, For example, the people benefiting from lights in the street cannot reduce the amount of light for the others. Non-excludability is only possible when the provision of a certain good also results in the enjoyment of others, for example, the provision of law and orders. Non excludability means that one cannot prevent the ‘free riders from enjoying the good or services, in many cases the provider of the good or the service cannot charge for the consumption of the good. In non-rivalrous consumption, the issue of the free rider effect comes in (free ride problem comes in as one is unable to prevent other from enjoying the good). The private cases are more complex than public and the merit goods, even with the problem of the free rider effect private goods and services pose more problems than the public and merit goods. In most cases the private good and services need to be bought for consumption, the goal of the producer or the service in the case of private goods is to make profits. Without the incentive to create revenue than the private good

Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Project - Essay Example Economic appraisal is noted to act on the physical attractiveness. The role of physical attractiveness in economics requires appraisal. There is a vast literature on physical attraction and its importance in a number of areas: game theory (Solnick and Schweitzer 1999), earnings (Hamermesh and Biddle 1994), election results (Rosar, Klein and Beckers 2008). The retail car price negotiations (Ayres, 1991), teaching evaluations (Lawson and Stephenson 2005), and election results (Rosar, Klein and Beckers 2008) to name just a few. Mankiw (2007) has highlights the role of height to suggest, perhaps tongue in cheek, taxation on height. He suggests a similar recommendation regarding physical attractiveness. (Pokrywka, Cabric and Krakowiak 2006; Grundl, EisenmannKlein, and Prantl 2009; Swami, Furnham and Joshi 2008; Swami, Einon, and Furnham 2007) Conventional wisdom suggests feminists in general identify with the political left. Likewise, Deirdre McCloskey (2000) argues that to the liberation of women, feminist economists offer less support to the free markets than typical non-feminist economists. Female professors are far more likely to identify with the Democratic Party than male economists as Cardiff and Klein (2005) support; see Table 1.2. In part, this results to a view that the underlying assumptions of economic theory are gender biased, with differences evident in Strober (1994) and Nelson (1995). Beauty pageants chronically have been sites of controversy and resistance. For example, during its first decade, the Miss America contest was attacked by religious groups and women’s clubs as vulgar, indecent, and degrading (Cohen et al. 1996). In response, in order to create an aura of respectability for the pageant, organizers subjected contestants to constant monitoring and surveillance. Due to a state of relentless policing of femininity and behavior (Banet-Weiser 1999: 39), participants

Merit & Public Goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merit & Public Goods - Essay Example The services provided by the government to some extent are related to the public goods, the merit goods, and the private goods. However, the relationship varies most when it comes to the public and the private goods as they involve the government. The public goods mostly revolve around, justice public order and defense; the merit goods revolve around education, health, and the other services that the private sector can provide. The relationship between the private and the merit goods differs totally from the relationship between the private and the public goods; hence, finally the government and the private consumption complement each other (Savas, 2005). The public goods are often under provided by a free market, as its characteristics are usually non-excludability and non-rivalry. Non rivalry means that the consumption of goods does not reduce the amount available for the other residents in the public, For example, the people benefiting from lights in the street cannot reduce the amount of light for the others. Non-excludability is only possible when the provision of a certain good also results in the enjoyment of others, for example, the provision of law and orders. Non excludability means that one cannot prevent the ‘free riders from enjoying the good or services, in many cases the provider of the good or the service cannot charge for the consumption of the good. In non-rivalrous consumption, the issue of the free rider effect comes in (free ride problem comes in as one is unable to prevent other from enjoying the good). The private cases are more complex than public and the merit goods, even with the problem of the free rider effect private goods and services pose more problems than the public and merit goods. In most cases the private good and services need to be bought for consumption, the goal of the producer or the service in the case of private goods is to make profits. Without the incentive to create revenue than the private good

Investment in the Indian Education Sector Essay Example for Free

Investment in the Indian Education Sector Essay Education is the key to unlocking and building lasting value in a robust economy. For any country to grow and prosper, a well-positioned educated young population is the fundamental requirement to meet the demands of an increasingly global economy and productive value creation. India has amongst the largest student population in the world and a low literacy level of 74. 04% (2011)1. According to census 2011 figures, over 35. 3% of the 1. 21 billion people are between the age group 0-14 years. Additionally, there is shortage of employable manpower in various industry segments. In order to meet this existing and emergent demand, there is huge need of investments in the Indian education sector. Currently, education is primarily handled by the government through its infrastructure and budget outlays. But given the small budget outlays and complex regulatory structure, supply is lagging far behind the demand of education. Expenditure on Education as %age of GDP 6000 GDP in thousnad Crores 5000 3. 64 4000 3000 3. 36 2000 1000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2,098 2,261 2,538 2,878 3,282 3,779 3. 51 3. 45 4,321 4,933 3. 81 3. 74 3. 80 3. 70 3. 60 3. 50 3. 40 % expendutire on education 3. 78 3. 78 3. 90 3. 30 3. 20 3. 10 Source: Ministry of Human resource and Development (MHRD), Government of India REGULATION India’s tightly controlled regulatory structure is the primary reason for shortage of quality education institutions. Being in â€Å"Concurrent list†, education is being governed by both Central and State government with huge variations amongst the state regulations. Currently, the government regulates who you can teach, what you can teach them and what you can charge them. Some of the key bodies regulating education in India are:? Schooling o Department of School Education and Literacy MHRD o Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) o Various State Boards o National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) 1 Census of India, 2011 Page 3 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector ? Higher Education o Department of Higher Education MHRD o University Grants Commission( UGC) o All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) o Statutory Councils ? Medical Council of India (MCI) ? Bar Council of India (BCI) ? National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) Voluntary Education and Skill Development o National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) o National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) ? In order to overcome this overlapping nature of various governing bodies especially in higher education, government is planning to come up with National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER). This commission would work as a single regulatory body which would determine, co-ordinate and maintain standards in promotion of higher education and research. It will subsume regulatory bodies such as UGC, NCTE and AICTE, thus making the process more streamlined. KEY POLICY/ACT ? Foreign Educational Institutions(FEIs) o Allows FEIs to setup multi-disciplinary campuses and award degrees o Mandates FEIs to reinvest surplus from Indian operations o Mandates FEIs to invest at least 51% of capital expenditure required o Regulates the admission process, fee structure, period of operation of FEIs Right to Education o Makes access to primary education a fundamental right o Mandates 25% reservation for underprivileged students in schools? BUDGET 2011 HIGHLIGHTS ? ? ? ? ? Allocated an amount of Rs 52,057 Crores for universalizing access to secondary education Allocated an amount of Rs 21,000 Crores for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Increased the total allocation by 24% over the previous year Lack in allocation of funds for Teacher improvement and training Lacked emphasis on the K-12 sector in terms of school improvement, quality control etc. EDUCATION IN INDIA Indian education sector has witnessed a series of changes in the last few years, which resulted in a significant increase in market size of the education industry. With economic growth and enhanced technology it has become necessary to develop the Indian education sector. Funds are a major concern in the market to meet this demand. The government has taken many initiatives for the development of education infrastructure which needs to be supplemented led by private players. The government has also opened the doors for foreign universities by passing Foreign Educational Institution (Regulation of Entry and Operation) Bill, 2010, which will help in shaping the education industry structure specially pertaining of higher education in India. A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector About 185,000 Indians study overseas and spend USD 4 billion annually. This is almost 10% of the private spend on education, coming from a very small 0. 001% segment of the student population. A number of these students are now returning to India after completing their studies, as job markets in India are more attractive, especially in contrast to weak macro scenarios in the western markets. Entry of leading foreign institutions will enable some of this USD 4 billion spend to stay in India, and also provide a much needed boost to quality. STRUCTURE Indian education system can be divided into formal and informal segments which are further divided into sub-segments. Formal education segment broadly comprises schools and higher education institutes. Schools often classified as K-12(Kindergarten to 12th) caters to ‘3-17 years’ age group. While higher education includes graduate, diploma, professional and post-graduation courses caters to ’18-22 years’ and above age group. On the other hand, informal education segment comprises of preschools, multimedia, ICT, vocational training, books and coaching classes. This segment is free from regulation as opposed to highly regulated formal education segment. Schools (K-12) Formal Higher Education Preschools Indian Education System Multimedia ICT Non-formal Vocational training Books Coaching classes Page 5 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS India is home to several well acclaimed International Schools and is increasing rapidly. This demand has been fuelled by parents looking for a new system of education which is more interesting and less stressful. Also, large number of NRIs resettling in India is also contributing to this demand. Being in India these schools have to adhere to certain requirements of the Indian national system irrespective of the examination system adopted by them. Most of the international schools opt for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Board. However, there are other examination systems like the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and General Certificate of Education (GCE) examination systems which are also present. The IB is a recognized leader in the field of international education. It is a non-profit, mission-driven foundation that offers three programs for students aged 3 to 19. ? ? ? Primary Years Programme (PYP) Middle Years Programme (MYP) Diploma Programme -For students aged 3 to 12 -For students aged 11 to 16 -For students aged 16 to 19 In India, most international schools offer IB Diploma Programme. In this students study six courses at higher level or standard level. Students must choose one subject from each of groups 1 to 5, thus ensuring breadth of experience in languages, social studies, experimental sciences and mathematics. The sixth subject may be an arts subject chosen from group 6, or the student may choose another subject from groups 1 to 5. Additionally, the programme has three core requirements that are included to broaden the educational experience and challenge students to apply their knowledge and understanding. The â€Å"extended essay† is a requirement for students to engage in independent research through an in-depth study of a question relating to one of the subjects they are studying. â€Å"Theory of knowledge† is a course designed to encourage each student to reflect on the nature of knowledge by critically examining different ways of knowing (perception, emotion, language and reason) and different kinds of knowledge (scientific, artistic, mathematical and historical). â€Å"Creativity, action, service† requires that students actively learn from the experience of doing real tasks beyond the classroom. Students can combine all three components or do activities related to each one of them separately. Some of the International Schools in India:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Aditya Birla World Academy-Mumbai American Embassy School- New Delhi Amity Global School-New Delhi D Y Patil International School-Mumbai and Nagpur Dhirubhai Ambani International SchoolMumbai GD Goenka World School-Gurgoan Indus International School-Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune KiiT International School-Bhubaneswar Pathways School-Gurgoan, Noida and NewDelhi Stonehill International School-Bangalore Sharad Pawar International School-Pune Doon School -Dehradun Page 6 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS SEGMENTS BASED ON KEY PARAMETERS. Growth Prospect Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Regulated No Yes Yes No No No No No Scalable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Possibility to Create Value Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Preschool Schools(K-12) Higher Education Multimedia ICT Coaching Classes Vocational Training Books GROWTH DRIVERS ? ? Demographic advantage o As per Census 2011 ,35. 3% of the Indian population is under the age of 14 Increasing awareness o Increase in awareness towards education as a priority and essential tool for career growth o Increase in job opportunities and salaries offered making investment in education prudent Human Resource driven economy o Increase in  the demand for an educated skilled workforce by services sector o Share of service sector in GDP increased from 30% in 1950 to 55% in 2007. Technology aided delivery o Increase in penetration of technology resulting in virtual learning and education delivery New employment avenues o Newer employment avenues such as KPO, LPO, retail, aviation, animation etc. demanding highly skilled manpower ? ? ? INDUSTRY FORECAST SCHOOLING. Segment Pre-School K-12 Tutorial Books Stationery Education CD-ROMs Multimedia in School Total 2008 1,200 21,000 5,000 1,700 1,380 120 25 30,425 CAGR 20%-25% 5%-10% 8%-13% 5%-10% 5%-10% 25%-30% 60%-70% 2013 3,500 30,800 8,000 2,400 2,000 390 320 47,410 CAGR 10%-15% 5%-10% 5%-10% 3%-8% 3%-8% 20%-25% 50%-60% 2018 5,800 43,200 11,800 3,000 2,600 1,100 3,300 70,800 (Figures in USD million) Page 7 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector HIGHER EDUCATION. Segment Higher Education Preparatory Total 2008 6,700 1,600 30,425 CAGR 8%-13% 13%-18% 2013 11,200 3,200 47,410 CAGR 7%-12% 10%-15% 2018 18,100 5,900 70,800 (Figures in USD million) VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT Segment Child skill enhancement IT training E-learning Finishing school Vocational Teacher training Total 2008 740 195 45 25 1,500 15 2,520 CAGR 20%-25% 35%-45% 35%-45% 50%-60% 15%-20% 50%-60% 2013 2,200 1,050 240 235 3,100 140 6,965 CAGR 17%-22% 33%-38% 33%-38% 45%-55% 10%-15% 45%-55% 2018 5,600 4,700 1,100 1,800 6,200 1,100 20,500 (Figures in USD million) Source: Technopak report on India Education Sector INVESTMENT SCENARIO With an education network of more than one million schools and 20,000 higher-education institutes, the market size of the Indian education system is estimated at more than US$40 billion2 (2009). However, inadequate infrastructure has placed pressure on the sector’s overall development. Education sector is unable to cope with growing market demand and global competition due to constrained investments. Increased private investment is imperative to expand infrastructure and provide greater access to quality education. Also, Government is planning to set up an education ? nance corporation with an investment of around US$4–5 billion, which aims to provide the education sector with long-term, low-cost ? nancing. PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PPP can provide the much needed finance to the education sector while serving as an efficient operating model. Establishing strong partnerships between private and public sector can achieve the growth. POSSIBLE PPP STRUCTURE The educational institute (special purpose vehicle) is set up as a Society or Trust, as per applicable guidelines. The UGC, AICTE or some other central regulatory body approves norms and standards of the institute. The state provides applicable administrative and financial support to the institute. Capital outlays are met by an educational services entity which 2 EY’s Private Equity Round Up April-June 2010 Page 8 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector provides infrastructure. The educational services entity charges a fee for use of facilities by the Society or Trust. Finally, the infrastructure facilities are transferred to the institute after a particular time period. Central Government State Government AICTE, UGC approvals Provision of grants Local approvals Land and utilities Trust/Society Service fees Infrastructure Service Provider Transfer of Infrastructure after prescribed time period Source:-2009 E Y – EDGE 2009 report on Private Enterprise in Indian Higher Education KEY PLAYERS GLOBAL ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Apollo Group (USA) Mcgraw-Hill (USA) Pearson Plc (England) Benesse Corp (Japan) Devry Inc (USA) ITT Educational (USA) Strayer Education (USA) New Oriental (China) Career Education (USA) Corinthian College (USA) Capella Education (USA) Raffles Education ( Singapore) Mega Study ( South Korea) SkillSoft ( USA) Page 9 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector INDIA FORMAL ? ? Preschool o Kidzee o Euro Kids Multimedia in private schools o Educomp o Everonn o NIIT Vocational Training o NIIT o Aptech o Frank Finn Coaching Classes o FIIT-JEE o TIME o Career Launcher Books o Tata Mcgraw Hill o John Wiley o Navneet Publications ? INFORMAL K -12 (School) o Millennium Schools (Part of EduComp) o Kids Zee High o Billabong High (Part of Kangaroo Kids) o GEMS ( Dubai based) Higher Education o Manipal Education o Amity o IIPM o ICFAI ? ? ? ? MAJOR DEALS INVESTMENTS ? ? ? ? Rs10 billion investment plan from educational institutes in Haryana’s Rajiv Gandhi Educational City ( January’11) RS 28. 08 billion investment for setting up 20 IIITs under PPP route ( January’11) Everonn Rs 36 billion investment plan to setup 300 K-12 schools by 2015 (July’10) Educomp Rs 510 million contract to provide computer education in Bihar’s schools (May’10). PRIVATE EQUITY DEALS Education sector has witnessed 29 PE deals (refer Exhibit 1), cumulatively worth US$381 million, between January 2006 and June 2010 (as per Private equity roundup April-June 2010 by Ernst and Young). The majority of these investments have been in for-pro? t corporate entities that are not subjected to any government regulations. In future, with increased government spending and expansion plans of private players, the potential for PE investments in the Indian education sector is significant. Additionally, sector’s less correlation with the broad economic growth makes it more attractive. Page 10 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector SEGEMENT WISE BREAKUP OF PE INVESTMENTS IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF DEALS 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 Vocational Preschool K12 Education technology 4 College/University 3 Coaching 2006 2007 2008 Number of Deals 2009 2010 SEGMENT WISE BREAKUP OF PE INVESTMENTS IN TERMS OF DEAL VALUE 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2006 2007 83 30 74 1 2008 43 2009 2010 12 13 10 37 5 9 23 Vocational 39 Preschool K12 Education technology College/University Coaching 67. Deal Value ( US$ million) Sources: Asian Venture Capital Journal; Dow Jones Factiva; ISI Emerging Market MAJOR ISSUES ? ? ? ? ? Overregulated and under- governed Not for profit structure and all surplus needs to be reinvested High involvement of politicians in higher education industry with no willingness to change the existing structure High land prices and hoarding of land reserved for educational purposes for resale Fragmentation in the sector due to difficulties in achieving scale Page 11 A research report on Investment in Indian Education Sector.