Essay 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

1 - Essay Example At the entryway there is a holding tight the divider indicating a menu of stream fish accessible to the clients that day. There are verdant trees around the shop showing that the earth around bolsters manor. Individuals from the district get the chance to buy new deliver from the homesteads and fish from the shop since these items are accessible. The artistic creation has a message that further fortifies the title â€Å"Honest Weights and Square Dealings.† This guarantees the client of solid, genuine dealings and quality administrations. It is during the hour of a business occupied calendar as showed by nearness of dominant part of relatives. The individuals are putting forth an attempt to draw in more clients to the shop. On the banner promoting the name of the business there is a telephone number at the top, implying that the general public is created and utilizes cell phones as methods for correspondence. Outside the booth two youngsters hold melons up near their heads. One kid is utilizing two hands indicating how solid he is. Around them there are a few crates of oranges set left and right of the shop. There are berries in plain view at the focal point of the shop. This shows the business has no restraining infrastructure over the market. A few showcasing systems have been utilized, for example, show of natural products outside, hanging of the menu which has reasonable costs at the entryway, and the two young men outside the booth publicizing. There are blossoms outside the booth that includes tasteful worth, draws in and makes the shopping zone appealing. The blossoms improve the spot inferring the booth thinks about their social government assistance, quality and cleanliness. A little young lady curtseys and invites the clients into the shop. The photograph shows two noble men inside the stand introducing clients demonstrating that the administrations being offered in the shop are agreeable. The secondary passage is noticeable and it prompts another room. This family has utilized a bit

Essay on Teens - Popular Musics Impact on Youth -- Exploratory Essays

Mainstream Music's Impact on Youth Mainstream music and its specialists enormously affect our way of life's childhood from age to age. In practically any age inside the previous fifty years, the conduct and convictions of most of pre-adolescents and youngsters can be firmly corresponded with those of the mainstream music craftsman's of that time. Which music was the mainstream music changed radically a few times between the 1950s and the present, alongside the mentalities of that age's young grown-ups. With each change in well known music came additionally an enduring change in the conduct of ages to follow. Now and again, the change was obvious - the band or craftsman was making or encompassed by contention - in different cases, the change was not clear until a while later, a learning experience maybe. During the 1950s, Bill Haley and the Comets originally utilized rock to depict a melodic structure. They likewise discharged two motion pictures, Blackboard Jungle, and Rock Around the Clock, which included their music and were pointed explicitly at youthful crowds. Slate Jungle recounted to an account of adolescent distance and furthermore made a star of Haley on account of the staggering number of negative reactions it got. Likewise, since grown-ups of that time thought the music was outright terrible, the teenagers were much increasingly attracted to its sound (Brown, 50, 53). Elvis Aaron Presley is known as the Ruler today, however in the mid-fifties, he was known as Elvis the Pelvis due to his pelvic pushes and fairly misrepresented hip developments (67). These sexual quirks grabbed the eye of young ladies who saw him as a sex symbol, yet additionally grabbed the eye of the media. In the fifties, these activities were too revolting to even consider being appeared on televi... ... What is to be gained from our age? There doesn't give off an impression of being an unmistakably characterized development being advanced like the antiwar development of the sixties and seventies. Our age will leave a heritage, or an exercise to be educated. Through the ages we have learned a lot; medicate mindfulness, duty, and safe sex were all progressions looked by ages following the past age's ways of life. Our youngsters will confront various ways of life that we are confronting now, and the well known music of their time will clearly shape their conduct and demeanor to accommodate their age. Works Cited Earthy colored, Charles T. The Art of Rock and Roll. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1987. Christgau, Robert. Any Old Way You Choose It: Rock and Other Pop Music, 1967-1973. Baltimore: Penguin Books Inc. 1973. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/ent/A0860766.html

Representativeness Heuristic and Our Judgments

Representativeness Heuristic and Our Judgments Theories Social Psychology Print Representativeness Heuristic and Our Judgments Representativeness heuristic affects judgments but can lead to errors By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 06, 2019 More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Example Scenario Classic Research   In the Real-World View All Back To Top When faced with uncertainty while trying to make a decision, people often rely on a mental shortcut known as the representativeness heuristic. While this shortcut can speed up the decision-making process, it can also lead to poor choices and stereotypes. Take a closer look at what the representativeness heuristic is and how it works. Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell What Is the Representativeness Heuristic? When making decisions or judgments, we often use mental shortcuts or rules of thumb known as  heuristics. For every decision, we dont always have the time or resources to compare all the information before we make a choice, so we use heuristics to help us reach decisions quickly and efficiently. Sometimes these mental shortcuts can be helpful, but in other cases, they can lead to errors or  cognitive biases. The representativeness heuristic is one heuristic that we use when making judgments. In this particular example, we estimate the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds. Our prototype is what we think is the most relevant or typical example of a particular event or object. Example of How It Works The representativeness heuristic was first described by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman during the 1970s. Like other heuristics, making judgments based on representativeness is intended to work as a type of mental shortcut, allowing us to make decisions quickly. However, it can also lead to errors. When we make decisions based on representativeness, we may be likely to make more errors by overestimating the likelihood that something will occur. Just because an event or object is representative does not mean its occurrence is more probable. Consider the following description: Sarah loves to listen to New Age music and faithfully reads her horoscope each day. In her spare time, she enjoys aromatherapy and attending a local spirituality group. Based on the description above, is Sarah more likely to be a school teacher or a holistic healer? Many people would identify her as a holistic healer based on representativeness. She fits in with our existing ideas of how a holistic healer might behave. In reality, it is far more likely that Sarah is actually a school teacher based purely on probability. School teachers are far more common than holistic healers. Classic Research   In their classic experiment, Tversky and Kahneman presented the following description to a group of participants: Tom W. is of high intelligence, although lacking in true creativity. He has a need for order and clarity, and for neat and tidy systems in which every detail finds its appropriate place. His writing is rather dull and mechanical, occasionally enlivened by somewhat corny puns and by flashes of imagination of the sci-fi type. He has a strong drive for competence. He seems to feel little sympathy for other people and does not enjoy interacting with others. Self-centered, he nonetheless has a deep moral sense. The participants were then divided into three separate groups and each group was given a different task. The first group was asked how similar Tom was to one of nine different college majors. The majority of participants in this group believed Tom was most similar to an engineering major and least similar to a social science major.Participants in the second group were asked to rate the probability that Tom was one of the nine majors. The probabilities given by the participants in the second group were very similar to the responses given by those in the first group.In the third group, participants were asked a question unrelated to Toms description. They were asked to estimate what percentage of first-year graduate students were in each of the nine majors. What the researchers found was that people were highly likely to believe that Tom was an engineering major, despite the fact that there was a relatively small number of engineering students at the school where the study was conducted. People were likely to believe that Tom was an engineering major based on representativeness, ignoring other pertinent information such as the small number of engineering students. Toms description matched with what they believed was a good representation of an engineering major, so the representativeness heuristic led them to make a judgment about what major he was likely pursuing. In the Real-World The representativeness heuristic can play a major role in many real-life decisions and judgments. Consider, for example, how members of a jury might determine a defendants guilt or innocence. If the accused looks like what the jurors think a criminal should look like, with a menacing presence, scruffy face, and angry eyes, they might be more likely to perceive that individual as guilty of the crime of which he or she is accused. Assessments of guilt can also depend upon how well the crime represents a certain crime category. For example, a person accused of abducting a child for ransom may be more likely to be viewed as guilty as someone accused of kidnapping an adult for no ransom. While both crimes represent kidnapping, the first is a more representative example because it fits better with what most people think of when they hear the word kidnapping. This heuristic can also play a role in the assessments we make about other people. We tend to develop ideas about how people in certain roles should behave. A farmer, for example, might be seen as hard-working, outdoorsy, and tough. A librarian, on the other hand, might be viewed as being quiet, organized, and reserved. How well an individual fits into these representations of each profession affects our view of how probable it is they hold one of these positions. In their classic 1974 book Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Tversky and Kahneman describe one example of how the representativeness heuristic can influence our perceptions of other people. They describe an individual who is seen as shy, withdrawn, helpful, but not necessarily concerned with the world of reality. This person is also described as tidy, meek, and detailed with a passion for order and structure. If you had to make a judgment about which profession this individual likely holds, which one would you select: farmer, salesman, airline pilot, librarian, or physician? In the representativeness heuristic, the probability that Steve is a librarian, for example, is assessed by the degree to which his is representative of, or similar to, the stereotype of a librarian, Tversky and Kahneman explain. A Word From Verywell The representativeness heuristic is just one type of mental shortcut that allows us to make decisions quickly in the face of uncertainty. While this can lead to quick thinking, it can also lead us to ignore factors that also play a role in shaping events. The next time you are trying to make a decision, consider the way in which the representative heuristic might play a role in your thinking.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media - 1011 Words

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media Mass media is one of the fastest medium of exchange of information which capture audience attention and interest, for example, television and radio is said to be the best Mass Media. A Mass Media to be effective must be accessible to the target audience and able to hold audience attention and interest. Therefore, this essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Mass Media. The first advantage of mass media is peace and reconciliation. In the Northern Uganda there has been a civil war and FM radios contributed towards bringing peace after 20 years of crisis which was emphasized by both the respondent interviewees and focus groups. One of the focus group participants said that†¦show more content†¦Secondly, images of women advertising. Studies have proven that advertising has been a prime target of attack and scrutiny. The relationship which exists between advertising, the consumer goods industry and the crucial economic role of women as consumers is the basic explanation for the critical focus on sex-role portrayal. It has been proven that advertising effectiveness largely depends on the manipulation of the consumers self image. Advertising manipulates the female image in order to persuade women to buy since women are perceived as the major consumers. Commercial television and magazines are the major vehicles for advertising consumer products b ecause it particularly addresses female images. A research has proven that women are visible in advertising at least on an equal basis with men. A study by the National Advertising Sexist charger focus on female image in advertising is as employed women, as housewife and as sex-object. Lastly, unrealistic, unhealthy portrayals of female sexuality, sexual health, and gratuitous female sexuality, and nudity. Approximately 14,000 references to sex each year are viewed by the young television viewer. Teens say that television, as well as movies and other media are the leading source of information about sex and sexuality. The study by American Academy of Pediatrices, sexuality, contraception, and reference to abstinence or sexually transmitted to sex a teen will see on television each year. Girls are more likelyShow MoreRelatedAdvantages of mass media1332 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Do the advantages of Mass Media outweigh the disadvantages? Mass media refers collectively to all the media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience via mass communication. There are various forms of mass media such as radio, television, movies, magazines, newspapers and the World Wide Web. Mass Media enjoys a very prominent role in our lives and thus, it is believed to influence our society. There are positive and negative effects of mass media on our society. This essay willRead MoreAdvantages Of Using The Internet1214 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are some differences between the internet and more traditional media? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using the internet in advertising? Describe the main types of promotion used on the internet (both traditional and newer types). (20 points) Some differences between the internet and more traditional media is that internet offers the marketer ability to receive feedback and a more direct link to the consumer, as well as giving the marketer easier access to trends and competitionRead MoreMedia Influence Mass Media795 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media and the Influence on America and Television By. Mozelle Jones HUMANITIES In real life, we are in Mass Media and we did not even know it. Everything from you learning to just leisure involvement. The cultural products that influence mass media and has taking part is Net Flix. It has made an impact on the movie business where television can be used to see movies and mass media. Television still has an impact on cultural meanings. It shows us the news, ads, and movies that changeRead MoreCommunication Is Essential For Successful Organisations Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesadministration. †¢ One-to-one – the advantage of this form of communication is that it is effective as it a method where a person can express themselves in many ways i.e. with not only by what they say but how they say it i.e. their tone, their facial expressions and other body language. Often Staff prefer to communicate with their immediate supervisor on a one-to-one basis as it will convey much more meaning than over the phone or through email. However the disadvantage is that some people may feel moreRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Communication On Our Society1445 Words   |  6 PagesMass Communication is the study of how people receive information through what is known as Mass Media to a large crowd of the population at the same time. Or they can also say that Mass Communication is a process of which a person, group of people, or an organization send and receive messages through a channel of communication to a large of unknown and heterogeneous people and organizations. You can think of a large group of unknown and heterogeneous people as either the general public. The senderRead MoreAdvantage and Disadvantage of Different Type of Marketing Communication1606 Words   |  7 PagesDirect Mail Marketing Advantages: * Direct Mail gets right into a customer’s hands. Unlike online advertising and other forms which are consumed through media; direct mail advertising places a marketing message directly in consumers hands which makes them place a value on whether they should continue to read into the message. * Direct mail can add a personal touch. Many modern direct mail advertising companies offer the ability to personally brand each piece being sent out so it connectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society861 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation? Mass media, including T.V, Radio stations, newspaper has taken over the minds of people in society. According to Glen Smith and Kathleen Searles, Most assumption are being based off of what they see and hear on the television, social networks and on the radio because its mainly one side stories or one bashing of individuals. People do not take the time to go in-depth about the situation being inaccurately displayed at times. Sociologist is beginning to realize the effect of mass media has onRead MoreHcs 320 Communication and Crisis Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pageswill require communication between several internal and external avenues to help resolve the water contamination in the Eugene-Springfield area. I am Shellie Cobbs, Director o f the Regional Emergency Management Office, and I will be addressing the media on the procedures to be used in running the crisis communication efforts in response to the contaminated water. A water contamination event poses a unique opportunity to work with diverse populations to effectively convey important health messagesRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Of Human Resources1184 Words   |  5 Pages external recruiting is â€Å"engaging individuals from labor market outside the firm to apply for a job†. Major external recruiting sources are from walk-ins, agencies, local mass media, and the Internet (Class slides, 2016). Both of the internal recruiting and external recruiting have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the internal recruiting include: increasing organizational commitment and job satisfaction within the organization, discovering the â€Å"back channels† of the organization,

Why Should We Get Tested For Hiv - 1152 Words

Why is it important to get tested for HIV? Getting tested for HIV/AIDs is important for one’s health, relationships, and overall future. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus; the virus that causes the HIV infection.HIV is spread through the blood, semen, genital fluids, or a HIV infected woman’s breast milk. However, the most common ways to contract HIV is from having unprotected sex, sharing needles and syringes, or same sex intercourse. The growth of new HIV infections continues to rise. According to the Centers of Disease Control (CDC), currently in the United States 1.2 million people are infected with HIV. Among that large group of people, twenty percent of the people were unaware of their status. Consequently, the twenty†¦show more content†¦In the United States, one in six people with HIV don’t know they have it. About fifteen Floridians get infected with HIV every day. A person’s circumstances, determines how often they should be tested. People between the ages of thirteen and sixty-four should get tested at least once. If you have currently been in a situation that can lead to HIV, you have to wait at least three months after that event to get tested. HIV spreads when a fluid from a person, who is infected, enters the body of another person who is not infected. Fluids can be transferred through anal, oral, or vaginal sex without a condom, small amounts of blood from deep kissing and oral sex, childbirth or during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and shared injection equipment. National guidelines state that men who have sex with men, injection drug users, men and women with multiple sex partners, men and women who have had sexually transmitted diseases previously, and women who are pregnant and may become pregnant should get retested every three to six months. Before you begin having sex, it is important to know your partner’s status. It is okay to ask if they have been tested and what the results were. If your partner has not been tested, you can support each other, and get tested together. Consider not having sex; your risk for the infection can lower if you don’t engage in sexual activity. Practicing abstinence from sexual activity is the only way to have on chance of contracting HIV. People should Why Should We Get Tested For Hiv - 1152 Words Why is it important to get tested for HIV? Getting tested for HIV/AIDs is important for one’s health, relationships, and overall future. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus; the virus that causes the HIV infection.HIV is spread through the blood, semen, genital fluids, or a HIV infected woman’s breast milk. However, the most common ways to contract HIV is from having unprotected sex, sharing needles and syringes, or same sex intercourse. The growth of new HIV infections continues to rise. According to the Centers of Disease Control (CDC), currently in the United States 1.2 million people are infected with HIV. Among that large group of people, twenty percent of the people were unaware of their status. Consequently, the twenty†¦show more content†¦National guidelines state that men who have sex with men, injection drug users, men and women with multiple sex partners, men and women who have had sexually transmitted diseases previously, and women who are pregnant and may become pregnant should get retested every three to six months. Before you begin having sex, it is important to know your partner’s status. It is okay to ask if they have been tested and what the results were. If your partner has not been tested, you can support each other, and get tested together. Consider not having sex; your risk for the infection can lower if you don’t engage in sexual activity. Practicing abstinence from sexual activity is the only way to have on chance of contracting HIV. People should wait until they are in a meaningful relationship, where they know their partner’s medical and sexual history. If both you and your partner are negative, you can begin to have sex, but you should take precautions. It is important to have sex with only one uninfected partner; it is the best way to be sexually active and not risk infection. Both you and your partner should have mutual monogamy, meaning both partners are only having sex with each other during the duration of the relationship. Always use condoms, and make sure the condoms are used correctly. Condoms don’t only protect fromShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Get Tested For Hiv?1152 Words   |  5 PagesWhy is it important to get tested for HIV? Getting tested for HIV/AIDs is important for one’s health, relationships, and overall future. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus; the virus that causes the HIV infection.HIV is spread through the blood, semen, genital fluids, or a HIV infected woman’s breast milk. However, the most common ways to contract HIV is from having unprotected sex, sharing needles and syringes, or same sex intercourse. The growth of new HIV infections continues to riseRead MoreHiv Is The Deadliest Of Them All972 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. Nevertheless, HIV is the deadliest of them all. HIV has infected over 2.1 million people in the United States since 1999. Half a million children under the age fifteen have been diagnosed with HIV, usually infected through mother-to-child transmission or sexual invasion. Subsequently, infection through sexual intercourse with a bisexual or drug infected partner, or even a blood transfusion can cause a person to contract the HIV virus. Therefore, i t is clear to see that HIV and AIDS have infectedRead MorePrevention Of Hiv And Aids927 Words   |  4 PagesHIV and AIDS have been on the rise in Alabama in the last 10 years. It amazes me that people do not take HIV and Aids more seriously. The reason I chose this topic was because I think we can do more to educate people on the effects of HIV and Aids. I came across a couple of interesting situations that I read about on social media. One thing was how easy people forget that they have a moral compass once they have contracted HIV and Aids. Then they think there life is over and proceed to try to getRead MoreEssay on The Stigma Attached to HIV and AIDS1674 Words   |  7 PagesStigma and seroconversion are a few familiar words that come to mind when dealing with HIV/AIDS. These are a few processes that people go through when they are indentified as being HIV positive. This is when their life on whole comes into contrast. This is so because people often take things like sex fo r granted and it is because of this some can’t live a healthy lifestyle. Just imagine finding out that you are positive. How will society accept you? What about the stigmatization that one goes throughRead MoreDiscuss the Reasons Why the Research and Development of Anti-Retroviral Drugs (Arvs) Has Impacted Differently on People Suffering from Hiv/Aids in Developed and Developing World1265 Words   |  6 PagesChristine Carraro 10B Biology ‘Discuss the reasons why the research and development of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) has impacted differently on people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developed and developing world’ HIV/AIDS still does not have a know cure, but has a treatment that slows down the affects of HIV/AIDS which is called ARV (anti-retroviral drug) The ARV drug is a very â€Å"exclusive† drug because as it is very expensive, around $400 a month if not more depending on which stage you areRead MoreDiscuss the Reasons Why the Research and Development of Anti-Retroviral Drugs (Arvs) Has Impacted Differently on People Suffering from Hiv/Aids in Developed and Developing World1265 Words   |  6 PagesChristine Carraro 10B Biology ‘Discuss the reasons why the research and development of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) has impacted differently on people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developed and developing world’ HIV/AIDS still does not have a know cure, but has a treatment that slows down the affects of HIV/AIDS which is called ARV (anti-retroviral drug) The ARV drug is a very â€Å"exclusive† drug because as it is very expensive, around $400 a month if not more depending on which stage you areRead MoreAIDS in African American Community Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pages(AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS weakens the immune system hampering the body’s defense mechanisms. AIDS is known to be a deadly disease, especially if it is not treated in a timely manner. AIDS and HIV is an epidemic that is increasing among the African American population with roots tracing back to Africa, AIDS and HIV needs greater exposure and more awareness within the African American community and in the homosexualRead MoreHiv / Aids Research Paper Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages Cinnamon Deleon HIV/AIDS Research Paper California Baptist University Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus is HIV that develops into AIDS, which is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This virus starts to break down white blood cells, as a result the immune system starts to deteriorate and our greatest shield cannot fight any longer (Mayo Clinic, 2016). The CDC (2015) states, that over 1.2 million people live with HIV in the United States and most who are infected are obliviousRead MoreThe Epidemic Is Sweeping The Nation987 Words   |  4 Pagescases of STD’s are being noted to appropriate health officials and are steadily increasing instead of declining. The Centers for Disease Control, commonly known as the CDC, have vigorously tracked HIV numbers and an estimated â€Å"1,218,400 persons aged 13 years and older are living with the HIV infection† (â€Å"HIV in The United States: At A Glance†). This doesn’t include the amount of people clueless to being infected at all: a whopping 156,300. Discouragingly and surprisingly enough, a factor contributingRead More HIV/AIDS Testing: A Wake Up Call Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome†, was not a well-known disease and infected people by that disease were not quarantined, because of lack of information about the disease. The medical scholars explained that AIDS is the culmination of the virus onset, HIV, â€Å"human immunodeficiency virus†. Currently, the infected people with complications, emaciation, diarrhea, tuberculosis, cancer, fever, vomiting, cannot meet together what ever the occasion, birthday party, first communion, wedding. Around the world

Barriers Iin Communication Free Essays

The Grapevine Grapevine is Informal Communication in general is exchange of information, a discussion that adheres less to the rules and standards. it is on the dimension of the Project Communication Management. For example, a Project Sponsor might have a meeting with the Project Manager to discuss about the progress of the project and can give much better feedback that another type of communication (other types may include emails, hard copy reports etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers Iin Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). Informal Communication is more effective for discussing sensitive information in a project.Four types of informal communications have been identified: (i) Single strand: In single strand network the individual communicates with the other individual through intervening persons. In other words each person tell s the other in sequence, one tells one. (ii) Gossip: In gossip one individual tells others on a non-selective basis, one tells all. (iii) Probability: In probability the individual tells other individuals randomly according to the law of probability. (iv) Cluster: In cluster type network the individual communicates with only those individuals whom he trusts.Research shows that out of the four, cluster chain is the most popular form of informal communication. It is not possible to establish a particular type of informal communication in an organisation. However attempts may be made indirectly to influence the result of informal communication. Keith Davis has found certain predictable forms of informal communication which can be of great use to the management in this respect. For instance individuals talk most when news is recent they talk about things which affect their work, and they talk about people they know.In addition people who are working with each other and who contact each other in the formal chain are likely to be on the same grapevine. It should be recognised that informal communication is as important as the informal organisation and that it is not identical with false rumour. Therefore, the management can profitably utilise the informal system in the attainment of organisation goals. According to Robbins, the grapevine in an organization has three significant characteristics. ? It is not controlled by formal management. ? Most employees perceive it to be more believable and reliable than formal communication issued by top management. It is largely used for the self-interests of the people within the organization. 17 Answer 8. (e) Guide to Effective Listening 1. Listen patiently to what the other person has to say even though you may believe it to be wrong or irrelevant. Indicate simple acceptance (not necessarily agreement) nodding your head or perhaps interjecting an occasional â€Å"um-hm† or â€Å"I see. † 2. Try to understand the feeling the person is expressing as well as the intellectual content. Most of us have difficulty talking clearly about our feelings. So careful attention is required. 3.Restate the person’s feelings briefly but accurately. At this stage you simply serve as a mirror and encourage the other person to continue talking. Occasionally make summary responses such as you think you are in a dead-end job but in doing so keep your tone neutral and try not to lead the person to your pet conclusions. 4. Avoid direct questions and arguments about facts refrain from saying, â€Å"That is just not so,† â€Å"Hold on a minute let’s look at the facts,† or â€Å"Prove it. † You may want to review the evidence later, but a review is irrelevant to how the person feels now. . Allow time for the discussion to continue without interruption and try to separate the conversation from mere official communication of company plans. That is, don’t make the conversation any more â€Å"authoritative† than it already is by virtue of your position in the organisation. 6. When the other person does touch upon a point you do want to know more about, simply repeat statements as a question. For instance, if he remarks, ‘nobody can break even on his expense account’, you can probe by replying, and â€Å"You say no one breaks even on expenses?With this encouragement he will probably expand on his previous statement. 7. Listen for what is not said evasions for pertinent points or perhaps too ready agreement with common cliches. Such an omission may be a clue to a bothersome fact the person wishes was not true. 8. If the other person appears genuinely to want your view point, be honest in your reply. But at the listening stage try to limit the expression of your views, since these may condition or repress what the other person says. 9. Don’t get emotionally involved yourself. Try simply to understand first and defer evaluation until later. 0. Listen â€Å"between the lines. † A person does not always put everything that is important into words. The changing tones and volume of his voice may have a meaning. So may his facial expression the gestures he makes with his hands and the movements of his body. 11. Better results can be achieved if the superior gives less emphasis to explaining and more emphasis to listening. 18 Answer 8. (f) Communication Feedback When individuals work together and interact the need to communicate effectively their feelings, impressions and views on various matters becomes important.Equally important is how these are received. When we communicate our reactions and perceptions to a person, especially regarding his behaviour, style of working. We call it feedback. Feedback, in simple terms, is the communication of feelings and perceptions by an individual to another individual about the latter’s behaviour and style of working. Such interpersonal feedback is involved in everyday life in various situations; for example, the boss sits with his subordinate and gives him necessary counselling about his achievements his strengths as well as areas in which he can improve further.We tell our peers what we think about their style and ways of behaviour so that they may be able to benefit from such communication. A subordinate may also do the same. If his boss pulled him up in the presence of others he may go and tell him how bad he felt about such a happening. This may help the boss to improve his ways of communicating such matters to his subordinates. The main function of giving feedback is to provide data about a person’s style of behaviour and its effect on others.Such data can be verified by the individual by either collecting more data from other sources or by checking some aspects with others. The feedback also provides several alternatives to the individual out of which he can choose one or two to experiment on. Interpersonal feedback contributes to the improvement of communication between two persons involved in feedback through the establishment of a culture of openness and promoting interpersonal trust. Continuous feedback will help in establishing norms of being open. Similarly, receiving of feedback fulfils several purposes.It primarily helps the individual (one who receives feedback) to process behavioural data he has received from others (the perceptions and feelings people have communicated to him about the effect of his behaviour on them). It helps him to have better awareness of his own self and behaviour. Getting information about how his behaviour is perceived and what impact it makes on others, increases his sensitivity, his ability to pickup cues from the environment that indicate what perceptions and feelings people have about his behaviour. How to cite Barriers Iin Communication, Papers

Response Essay on Gender and Sexuality free essay sample

What is beautiful? What does the word mean to you? How is your interpretation different from the advertisers ideal of beauty? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines beauty as, the quality or aggregate of qualities In a person or thing that gives pleasure to the senses or pleasurably exalts the mind or spirit. After watching the many different video clips and also looking at this dictionary definition, I would have to say I agree closer more with the dictionary function.Looking back on the different video clips, I think the one that stood out most to me was the film clip of the movie Summer Magic. After the clip was over, I caught myself being very unpleased with the message. I couldnt believe that this movie was trying to tell girls that If you wanted to get a guy, you had to act feminine instead of being yourself. . I was happy that they were trying to say It was whats on the Inside that counts, but then very disappointed when they said you have to change this to be what it should be and not what it is. We will write a custom essay sample on Response Essay on Gender and Sexuality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It isnt fair to yourself or the guy if either person isnt being really who they are because you cant hold a fake personality forever and will end up hurting each other at some point. I can relate to this clip in some ways because as a younger child, I used to be very tomboyish. My family would always try to dress me up in nice clothes, when all I really wanted was Just to be In shorts and a t-shirt. It didnt bother me that I wasnt getting a boyfriend, but I was getting guy friends.We would do a lot of things together, and although any of them were things you wouldnt see a girl doing, it was a lot of fun. In many ways I am still more thankful for the guy friends I became close with because we are still very close to this day. This is why I would have to agree with the definition more because in the definition it uses the word qualities. Qualities can not only Just be your looks, but your personality and your characters that people see once they get to know the real you.Although this statement Is a click, to me, being beautiful Is the atmosphere you create with your personality and how that atmosphere makes other people feel. Being drop dead gorgeous can be a plus, but if you have no communication skills or a personality worth connecting with, then whats the point of someone trying to get to know the real you. My view of beauty is different from advertisers because I dont think it is Just the cover that matters, to get to really understand the message of the book; you cant Just Judge it by Its cover.I feel there are a lot of things In this world that would be different If a lot of gir ls In todays society that believed the covers were the only thing that mattered. I think recently many companies have tried to convey the message that its impossible to be a real life-sized Barbie, and that if you want to critic your body, you should do it for yourself and not because someone told you to. I think this new message has been really good to try and help other girls realize that having a perfect Barbie body isnt going to decisions you make for the rest of your life are the main deciding factors for your happiness.

Much Ado About Nothing Outline Essays - William Shakespeare

Much Ado About Nothing Outline English Honors Nine Period 6 August 24, 1999 Much Ado About Nothing I. Act I A. Scene 1 1. A messenger comes to Leonato and tells him Don Pedro is coming 2. Don Pedro defeated Don John's rebellion 3. Don Pedro arrives in Messina with 3 others a. Don John-now reconciled with Don Pedro b. Claudio c. Benedict 4. All the men come to the governor of Messina 5. Beatrice and Benedict insult each other 6. Claudio tells Benedict how he feels about Hero 7. Don Pedro says he will woo Hero for Claudio B. Scene II 1. Leonato hears that Don Pedro is going woo Hero for himself (which is not true) 2. Leonato tells Hero what is going to happen C. Scene III 1. Don John is told be Conrade about the deal that Don Pedro and Claudio have made 2. Don John and his associates decide to thwart the plan to get back Claudio and Don Pedro. II. Act II A. Scene I 1. Beatrice describes her perfect husband and her uncle is amazed at how observant she is 2. Hero is guarded by her uncle Antonio so she won't be influenced by her father Leonato 3. All the men put on their masks 4. Antonio's mask fools no on and is commented on by Ursula 5. Beatrice is apparently tricked by Benedicts mask and talks about him in a derogatory fashion 6. Benedict is obviously surprised at her speech and comments that he will tell Benedict what she has said 7. Don John and Borachio, who are not wearing their masks, go to Claudio. a. Don John and Borachio convince Claudio that they have been tricked by his mask into thinking he is Benedict b. They tell Claudio the Don Pedro is planning to marry Hero himself and that he lied to Claudio and he believes them 8. Benedict jokes on how the Prince has Hero but Claudio believes him to be truthful 9. Don Pedro says that he wooed in Claudio's favor 10. Don Pedro speaks of Beatrice's words about Benedict 11. Beatrice appears and interrupts Don Pedro 12. Benedict insults Beatrice and makes a hasty exit 13. Don Pedro tells Claudio that Hero will marry him and leaves Claudio speechless 14. Beatrice speaks to Hero and Claudio with many witty remarks and them exits 15. Don Pedro hatches a plan to bring Beatrice and Benedict together in marriage B. Scene II 1. Don John plans to try to break up Claudio and Hero again 2. Borachio has a plan to break up Claudio and Hero a. Borachio plans to use Margaret to deceive Don John and Claudio into thinking Hero is unfaithful b. Borachio is promised a thousand ducats if the plan works C. Scene III 1. Benedict thinks about Claudio's upcoming marriage and remembers when Claudio would have thought it outrageous himself 2. Don Pedro and Leonato enter and Benedict hides 3. Balthasar is asked to sing a love song 4. Benedict is tricked into overhearing a conversation that is supposed to make him fall in love with Beatrice a. The three men claim that Beatrice is madly in love with Benedict b. They leave Benedict completely convinced that Beatrice is in love with him 5. To complete the ruse Beatrice is sent to call Benedict to dinner 6. Benedict thinks that everything she said was a affirmation of love III. Act III A. Scene I 1. Margaret lures Beatrice into the orchard 2. Beatrice overhears Hero and Ursula's staged conversion a. They speak of how much Benedict loves Beatrice and how he doesn't want to say anything because he is afraid of ridicule 3. Beatrice is convinced that Benedict is madly in love with her and she claims she will willingly take his hand B. Scene II 1. Don John and Claudio joke with Benedict because they know he is in love 2. Don Pedro and Claudio keep making fun of Benedict to get all the pleasure out of his silent suffering 3. Benedict and Leonato draw aside 4. Don John comes and tells Don Pedro and Claudio that Hero is disloyal and that he can prove this because she will have another man in her chambers by the window later on that night C. Scene III 1. Dogberry and Verges instruct the watch to not do anything when they are met with resistance 2. The watch then spies on Borachio and Conrade while Borachio outlines how he and Don John have deceived Don Pedro and Claudio 3. The watch arrest both Conrade and Borachio D. Scene

Interesting Facts About Maya Angelou

Interesting Facts About Maya Angelou Thanks to her award-winning writing, Maya Angelou was internationally known decades before her death at age 86 in 2014. Despite her fame and her many memoirs, many interesting details about her life remain widely unknown to the public. Familiarize yourself with the life and work of Maya Angelou with this list of interesting facts about her life. Family Life She may have risen to fame as â€Å"Maya Angelou,† but she was not born with that first name or with that surname. Instead, Angelou was born Marguerite Annie Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis. â€Å"Maya† derives from a childhood nickname and Angelou is a shortened version of Angelopulos, the surname of a Greek sailor the writer married in 1952.It’s uncertain how many times Angelou married, the New York Times reported in her obituary. â€Å"Throughout her life, she was cagey about the number of times she married- it appears to have been at least three- for fear, she said, of appearing frivolous,† the Times noted.Although Angelou married a number of times, she bore just one child, a son named Guy Johnson. She gave birth to him at the age of 16. He was the product of a brief romance Angelou had with a neighborhood boy in Northern California. Career During her young adulthood, Angelou became the first black woman to work as a streetcar conductor in San Francisco, according to the Times.Although Angelou stood 6 feet tall, she managed to carve out a career as a dancer as a young woman. She even danced with the likes of Alvin Ailey.Angelou appeared in a number of theatrical productions, earning a Tony nomination for her role in 1973’s â€Å"Look Away,† a play about Mary Todd Lincoln and her seamstress. Friendship With Prominent African Americans Angelou stopped celebrating her birthday because the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., a friend of hers, was assassinated on that day. Instead of celebrating her birthday, Angelou sent flowers to King’s widow, Coretta, according to Biography.com. In addition to King, Angelou was friends with a number of other prominent African Americans, including James Baldwin and Malcolm X, the New York Times reported. Literary Career Angelou rose to fame after the publication of her 1969 memoir, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. That book made history, as it marked the first time an autobiography by an African-American woman became a best-seller in the United States.Caged Bird was far from Angelou’s only memoir. The writer followed that effort up with Gather Together in My Name (1974), Singin’ and Swingin’ and Gettin’ Merry Like Christmas (1976), The Heart of a Woman (1981), All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986) and A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002). Moreover, in 2013, Angelou’s memoir about her relationship with her mother, Mom Me Mom, debuted.Despite the fact that she excelled as a writer above all else, Angelou said that the craft did not come easily to her. In 1990, she told the Paris Review, â€Å"I try to pull the language into such a sharpness that it jumps off the page. It must look easy, but it takes me forever to get it to look so easy. Of course, ther e are those critics- New York critics as a rule- who say, Well, Maya Angelou has a new book out and of course it’s good but then she’s a natural writer. Those are the ones I want to grab by the throat and wrestle to the floor because it takes me forever to get it to sing. I work  at the language.†Ã‚   More About Maya Angelou A globetrotter, Angelou spoke a number of languages, including French, Italian, Spanish, Arabic, and the West African language Fanti, according to her website.Angelou had a seafood allergy. Apparently, it was so severe that she requested people not to eat seafood prior to meeting with her.

The International Dispute in the Spratly Islands Essay

The International Dispute in the Spratly Islands - Essay Example The dispute seems to have no signs of abating. In fact, each of the country involved is trying to increase the capabilities of its armed forces. The states involved in the dispute are the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. Brunei is also laying claim to some islands in the area but unlike the rest, it has occupied those that it considered as part of its territory. Resolving the issue has become very difficult due to the insistence of the states in different bases of ownership. China, Vietnam and Taiwan are asserting their respective claims on the bases of historical rights. The Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei, on the other hand, claim that they have rights over the territory because of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS, especially that which refer to the continental shelves as bases for ownership. A legalistic approach would naturally grant favors to the claims of the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. However, in reality, international law simply cannot be made the basis for the claims while ignoring the historical reasons presented by the other claimants. For China, Vietnam, and Taiwan, â€Å"the notion of historical entitlement sits at the foundation of their claims to the Spratly archipelago and is unlikely to dissipate simply because analysts choose to ignore them† (Furtado 386). With different frameworks for asserting claims, resolution of the Spratly Islands dispute has become more difficult. At a glance, it would indeed be surprising why these states risk warm diplomatic relations with each other over tiny islands, some of them uninhabitable, when these are not fit for human activity. The strategic importance of the area, however, does not lie on the islands or the waters but what lies beneath these. While the area may serve as a rich fishing ground and a commercial shipping route, its most vital assets are the rich reserve supply of oil and natural gas . As China sheds most of its socialist economic principles in favor of capitalism, it naturally feels the need to boost its energy capabilities. It sees the Spratly Islands as the solution. Its ambition to be the world’s foremost economic power has prompted it to be the most assertive among the claimants. Vietnam’s market-oriented reforms have also compelled the nation to seek energy resources that it can control. In fact, the only oil well in the area that it owns had started production in 1991. This encouraged it to further hasten oil exploration in the area. The Philippines, which is heavily dependent on oil imports, have also stakes in the Spratly Islands for the same oil and gas interest. According the Oil and Gas Journal article Territorial Disputes Simmer in Areas of South China Sea, â€Å"joint exploration with Royal Dutch/Shell Group and Alcorn International near Palawan Island will raise the Philippines annual oil production from the 3,000 b/d produced in 19 91 from 7 wells in the South China Sea† (1992). The country is claiming a total of 60 islands in the South China Sea. Both Brunei and Malaysia, although these are oil-producing countries, are also interested in the islands for the same reason. Taiwan, on the other hand, has not stated explicitly any interest in gas or oil, but it considers the area as a strategic

Problem solving in a workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15500 words

Problem solving in a workplace - Essay Example The problems may be technical, or issue based or as it is called in the writing of this paper complex in nature. The form of problem solving technique implemented should be well structured as well as systematic in order to make any improvements at the workplace and allow benefits regarding any possible changes (McWhinney, 1997). The approach to problem solving should be consistent within the workplace. All the members at the workplace should use the same method of solving the problems at the workplace and ensure that all people have the same method of solving problems at the workplace as a constituent of organizational behaviour towards solutions to complex problems (Mullins, 2010). The consistency of the process is important in keeping the process more scientific and less susceptible to any form of biases and therefore equivocal in the problem solving process. The problem solving technique is also important in the group processes of solving the problems since the model provides a focus for the group. The processes that are implemented by the group are important in ensuring that the model is implemented and structured in a way that helps the group to coordinate and function properly as a group. The problem solving a techniques help the group in reaching a consensus and in the decision making process. The method is also important in ensuring that the problems are solved effectively.

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites soft ecotourism often occurs on a large scale within certain accessible areas leading to the observation that ecotourism can and often does occur as a form of mass tourism (Weaver and Lawton, 200: 362). Critically evaluate, using examples, the social, economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism sites. From my studies and research in this subject area of geography it is evident that there is a link and indeed a relationship between ecotourism and mass tourism. In order to understand this relationship however we must take into account what exactly tourism means, and subsequently what is meant by ecotourism and mass tourism. What essentially is tourism? Undoubtedly there are many varying definitions to describe tourism but essentially tourism . . . is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs (Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall 1982, p.1) Tourism is unquestionably a leisure activity and there are many various forms of tourism including; Cultural tourism. Sex tourism. Adventure tourism. Geotourism. Event tourism. The tourism sector has experienced significant increase in later years due to higher incomes and greater transport amenities and accessibility. According to the Central Statistics Office Ireland website, www.cso.ie the number of trips by Irish residents on domestic travel has increased from 7,001 in 2004 to 8,340 in 2009.  [1]  The increase or enhancement of tourism within certain areas has varying impacts, both positive and negative, on the economic, social and environmental aspects. Ecotourism or ecological tourism essentially refers to travel to an area possessing natural, physical or cultural beauty for example rivers, beaches, mountains and wildlife ecosystems. The main purpose associated with this form of tourism is to maintain, protect and respect the value of the area. According to Mike J. Stabler et al, ecotourism refers to . . . a sustainable, non-invasive form of nature-based tourism that focuses primarily on learning about nature first-hand and which is ethically managed to be low impact, non-consumptive and locally orientated (control, benefits and scale). It typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the conservation of such areas. (Mike J. Stabler et al, 2010, p.360). Ecotourism incorporates a wide range of activities from visits to natural ecosystems for example the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, physical activities such as mountain climbing and visits to see wildlife animals for example gorillas which I will discuss later in thi s essay. There are two main types of ecotourism; soft ecotourism and hard ecotourism. Soft ecotourism is generally the more popular form of ecotourism and usually involves short-term experiences which are nature led by a tour guide and in which the individual returns to a facilitated area. Due to the popularity of soft ecotourism it is more likely that mass tourism could develop as a result. Hard tourism on the other hand refers to the individual involving themselves in an intense experience devoid of amenities like accommodation, restaurants and shops for example The Hollies Centre in County Cork. Mass tourism can be quite difficult to determine as there are no insights as to how many tourists would classify as mass tourism. However it fundamentally refers to large scale tourism where there is a great or large amount of tourists in a given area at any one time. Mass tourism has come to the fore due to higher incomes and accessibility as previously mentioned and in addition to these the introduction of package deals has also played a vital part in this form of tourism. It is essential to note that there is a relationship between these two forms of tourism and one can influence the other hugely. Throughout this essay I will discuss the impacts, socially, economically and environmentally of mass tourism on ecotourism sites with reference to various examples. By controlling and managing potential mass tourism on an ecotourism site the negative social and environmental impacts are significantly reduced, ensuring the overall preservation and conservation of the site. Rwanda is a small country which is located in central Africa and is famous for its beautiful geographical scenery such as the scenic beaches at Lake Kivu and its vast series of mountains. In addition to the beautiful scenery, it also boasts an abundance of wildlife including various species of birds and the rare mountain gorillas. (Figure 1) Rwanda is known worldwide for these mountain gorillas and this undoubtedly is a main attraction for tourists. According to the Rwanda Tourism website, www.rwandatourism.com, the number of visitors in Rwanda increased from 826,374 in 2007 to approximately one million in 2008.  [2]  In addition to this gorilla tourism in Rwanda has grown significantly and reached a peak in 2008 when 17,000 tourists were recorded visiting the Volcanoes Nat ional Park alone (Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. 2010, p.2.), with peak season being the months of July and August. Although the increase in Rwandas tourists would not be classified as mass tourism on a global scale, it is essential to note that this increase has had significant impacts in Rwanda. The Volcanoes National Park is located in northern Rwanda and lies on the border of Virunga National Park in the Congo and the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. The Volcanoes National Park enables tourists to experience the extraordinary gorillas up close. The level of tourism certainly has impacts on the ecotourism site socially, economically and environmentally. The local community in Rwanda has experienced both positive and negative impacts as a result of the increase in tourism. In relation to social impacts Rwanda has undoubtedly benefited. The income received in the country as a direct result of tourists in the park has meant that the local communities have socially grown. Under the ORTNP and with the support of the government, a tourism revenue scheme was initiated in 2005, meaning that 5% of revenue from park fees goes towards supporting local communities and projects. The following are examples of projects undertaken in Rwanda as a result of the revenue scheme; Schools; the construction of ten schools within the locality has dramatically cut down on travel time for locals to school. This enables pupils to focus on their studies, thus improving the quality of education in the area. Water Tanks; over 5,000 families within the locality have benefited from the construction of water tanks which provide 20,000 litres of water per person per day. (Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. 2010, p.11) The Rwandan community possesses a rich cultural society which is present in their arts and crafts for example woven baskets, pottery and painting. Tourist expenditure on such cultural crafts shows interest in local traditions and rituals and ensures the native culture survives amongst the varying cultures of tourists. Environmental impacts are a considerably important feature when referring to gorilla tourism in Rwanda. Due to the fact that these mountain gorillas are rare and endangered species conservation and protection of these animals is a priority. One can argue that tourism itself can have a detrimental impact on the animals and this undoubtedly is a fair argument. Gorilla tourism can and does present a threat to gorilla conservation as tourists can put stress and disturbance upon the gorillas. This can adversely affect the behaviour and health of the gorillas. (Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. 2010, p.16) Evidentially these factors could be responsible for a decline in populatio n size. However, as people in Rwanda have realised the potential danger, they are now managing mass tourism in the following ways in order to conserve the eco-site; Anyone who wishes to take part and experience closer contact with the gorilla species must purchase a permit which is expensive and limited. Tourists are willing to pay high prices for these permits and this essentially means that tourists are aware of and are supporting the ecotourism code of minimising ecological impacts. In addition to the high cost of permits and as briefly mentioned earlier, the revenue scheme means that 5% of this money is fundamentally re-invested back into the conservation and protection of the national parks. A set of rules and regulations have been introduced which prohibit risk to the gorillas. These rules are enforced by staff employed within the park. The following are some examples of rules and regulations enforced; Tourists have to keep a distance of 7 meters between themselves and gorillas. There is a daily limit of one group of tourists per group of gorillas, a limit to the number of tourists within that group and they are required to remain together. Visits are to have a limited time span of one hour. Minimum age requirement of 15. (Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. 2010, p.4) If we are to imagine this ecotourism site without any means of managing tourist numbers what would be the impacts environmentally? Undoubtedly the gorilla species in the Volcano National Park would become extinct. The population of the gorilla has already decreased in recent years and there is no question that extensive large scale tourism (larger than what Rwanda is currently experiencing) would decrease it even more. In terms of economic impacts with reference to tourism in Rwanda we can see that tourism is acting as an economic asset to the local communities. Employment in gorilla tourism is very significant and at least 180 employment opportunities have been created within the park including tour guides, anti-poaching teams and gorilla groups trackers. (Neilsen, H. and Spenceley, A. 2010, p.12) Benidorm is a coastal town situated in the province of Alicante in Spain. It is home to beautiful sandy beaches which attract numerous tourists every year. Originally prior to the 1960s it was a small village where farming and fishing were the main sources of income. During this time period Benidorm experienced little or no tourism.   Since then however Benidorm has developed tremendously and attracts as much as ten million tourists per year. As a result of this dramatic change the lives of the local people and indeed the landscape have changed dramatically. Tourists are attracted to Benidorm due to easy accessibility, cheap package deals, abundance of accommodation, the beautiful sandy beaches, nightlife and golf courses. The town of Benidorm developed rapidly in order to cater for this large scale tourism and this development has had social, economic and environmental impacts as a result. The construction of tourism related infrastructure has negative environmental impacts in the vicinity of Benidorm. Over consumption, over development, pollution and artificial reconstruction are amongst these negative impacts. Many high rise hotels were constructed in order to cater and maximise tourism within the town which immediately diminishes the beauty of the town and decreases attractiveness.   Pollution is an ongoing problem in the area. Tourism leads to extreme litter and extreme pressure on sewerage systems. Cheaper package deals have led to an increased level of air travel, thus increasing the levels of nitrous oxide, hydrocarbon and lead in the air. Over consumption of natural resources for example water is another negative impact of tourism in Benidorm in the past with tourists exploiting the resource in hotels and swimming pools. Reconstruction of beaches, and production of golf courses decreases originality, portrays a modern town and drains images of the picturesque fishing village that was once there. (Figure 2) According to an article on the BBC news website however, www.bbc.co.uk/news/ , Benidorm is now highlighted as the new face of ecotourism. The author describes the recent environmental positive impacts which were acknowledged and have occurred as a result of the initial negative impacts of mass tourism. In one hotel the lights immediately turn off upon vaca ting the room and many of the taps are foot-pump operated in order to save water which in turn tackles the overconsumption of the natural resource. In addition low energy street lighting is used. In relation to the economy of Benidorm there are both positive and negative impacts. The tourism industry is worth an impressive amount to the economy and is a vital asset in terms of job creation. The restaurants, pubs, hotels and shops employ a large amount of people from Benidorm and the surrounding areas which would perhaps be unemployed if it was not for high tourism levels. The majority of food is locally sourced which essentially means that money earned by local businesses is essentially going back into the local economy. However tourism in this town has negative impacts also. Many of the hotels in Benidorm are chain hotels and are foreign owned. This acts as a drain on the local economy as money leaves the country. The cost of living increased as a result of mass tourism with prices of houses and goods and services putting pressure on the locals. Socially, the huge numbers of tourists visiting Benidorm has resulted in a wide range of cultures which can have has both positive and negative effects. The wide multicultural society as a result of mass tourism indeed positive yet this can have strongly influence negative impacts. It can simply drown out the Spanish culture of the town and with such a diversity of cultures anti-social behaviour has occurred and remains a possibility when misunderstandings or insulting of different cultures occurs. In addition to this mass tourism can have adverse impacts socially for the locals. Mass tourism has led to a rise in inappropriate behaviour with tourists engaging in such activities as drug use and excessive drinking. Tourism also interrupts local access to amenities such as shops, roads, public parks and sporting facilities as well as public transport. From the examples I have discussed throughout this essay it is evident that there is indeed a relationship between the two forms of tourism- ecotourism and mass tourism. In relation to my two examples, gorilla tourism in Rwanda, Africa and tourism in Benidorm, Spain, it is essential to note that I took two different approaches in terms of discussing them. When referring to ecotourism in Africa, I discussed the impacts that managing tourist numbers has had on the ecotourism site. It is evident from this example that ensuring the impacts of tourism numbers on this destination are monitored and managed is vital for sustainable tourism industry. Without the management gorilla numbers would decrease and would eventually become extinct. Therefore the ecotourism site would not be viewed as a must-go destination and tourism would possibly cease. With specific reference to the tourist destination of Benidorm in Spain, I discussed the impacts which mass tourism had initially created on the are a. In contrast to this, in more recent years I have given an insight to how Benidorm has evolved from an area of mass tourism to an area portraying potential eco-touristic qualities. Tourism management in a destination that is in line with local communities preserves and enhances the environment and protects its wildlife, while providing a more authentic tourist experience and eliminating the negative social and environmental impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism site.

Swot Analysis of Network Rail

SWOT Analysis Strengths: Network Rail took over ownership by buying Railtrack plc, which was in railway administration, from the Railtrack Group plc for ? 500 million in 2002. Railtrack had become subject to broad-based and persistent criticism, notably over cost escalations and delays with the West Coast Main Line modernisation and the circumstances surrounding accidents at Southall (1997), Ladbroke Grove (1999) and Hatfield (2000). After these incidents Railtrack’s cost spiralled out of control, to remedy this situation which would ultimately lend to the company collapsing and being purchased by the government. By purchasing Railtrack when the company was being heavily criticised and by renaming it Network Rail it was seen as a favourable action because Railrack was in such a bad state it could only improve by being taken over. Network Rail are currently investing ? 800 million into the railway tracks every to improve and maintain the tracks, in 2006 alone the company spent ? billion on engineering projects improving stations, track and the efficiency of the railway industry. The company has also used this money to acquire state-of-the-art technology and invest large amounts of money in machinery such as ballast cleaners, the high-output train and track-relaying train. Spending this amount of money on the railway shows current and potential passengers that the company is very dedicated to maintaining and improving the railway and the services they provide. Weaknesses: During the Christmas period of 2007 Network Rail planned maintenance to take place whilst passenger levels would be low with the expectation of the work being complete by New Years Eve. However this maintenance work got delayed and passengers were advised to check travelling schedules before attempting the go to their destination. The delays lasted for a total of 3 days and the service resumed to normal on 2nd January 2008. These delays heavily affected passengers as well as operating companies such as Virgin trains as 50,000 people had booked tickets to travel on 31st January. By not informing the operating companies of the maintenance work they had planned for the holiday period they have damaged their relationship with the operating companies. They have also damaged their relationship with passengers as the delays hindered them from getting to spend the holiday period with their families. The derailments which occurred at Grayrigg, Potters Bar and Epsom have affected the reputation of Network Rail as they have accepted responsibility for the incidents. As a result of this the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) are currently conducting an investigation in to the incident and criminal charges may be brought. In the eyes of the public these incidents may bring back memories of the accidents at Southall, Ladbroke Grove and Hatfield and the public may begin to question the maintenance work which is being carried out on the railways. Network Rail announced at the beginning of 2008 that they would be raising train ticket fares. The regulated fares which included season tickets increased by an average of 4. % and many unregulated fares were set to rise by much more. The increase in ticket prices did not go down well with consumer groups who said the rises were unjustified, but train operators claimed the rises were needed to improve the railway and its services. Opportunities: Network Rail has the opportunity to transform Britain’s railway. They are trying to do this with their current projects such as: †¢Providing faste r journeys between London, Manchester and Glasgow – Investing into the UK’s busiest railway line, the West Coast. In the last two years the London-Manchester journey time has come down by over 30 minutes. Vital work continues in 2008 to reduce the bottleneck at Trent Valley and to improve capacity through Rugby and Nuneaton. †¢Improving communications between train drivers and signallers – Investing ? 1. 2 billion in building a nationwide system which enables train drivers and signallers to communicate securely at all times. This is an important safety improvement for the railway. Upgrading London’s transport network – Plans to upgrade the Thameslink route – A vital north-south artery through London – are progressing and the company plans to build world class stations in the UK’s capital. †¢Changing the face of Scotland's railway – Plans to re-introduce the railway line between Airdrie and Bathgate. This is in addition to the redevelopment of Edinburgh Waverley station which is already underway Network Rail is also planning to have a lar ge programme of investment for the London 2012 Olympic Games. By raising the fares on train tickets Network rail have the potential to have an increased net profit at the end of 2008. If the company figures show more profit than the previous this means the company has more money to invest into the railways. Threats: The threats that Network Rail face are fines from the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) for the delays to train services over the Christmas period. Network Rail have already incurred 2 fines from the ORR ? 2. 4m during Christmas in 2006 following signalling problems at Portsmouth and a record ? 4m for engineering overrunning during the New Year of 2008. By not meeting the standards of the ORR Network Rail will continue to incur fines, by having to pay fines costing millions of pounds they are losing money which they could use to invest back into the railways. Another threat which Network Rail faces is the threat of passengers deciding to travel by car and also companies wanting to use Lorries to transport goods (road haulage). Road ha ulage is the use of heavy goods vehicle’s to transport products and materials from place to place. This could happen if railway lines get congested or routes are closed due to maintenance work or lack of use. PESTLE Analysis Political: Network Rail has to follow the rules of the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR). If they do not adhere to the rules and regulations of the ORR, they could face a fine which could result in the company paying millions of pounds. With England being part of the European Union (EU) Network Rail can buy and sell materials from any country in the EU because the has lowered the trade barriers. Economic The railways can be used to transport goods all over the country. Some of the benefits of using a train to transport goods are: †¢Faster than lorries/trucks †¢Trains have multiple carriages so a number of goods can be delivered at once †¢It’s cheaper than using lorries/trucks As well as being part of the EU, Britain can trade materials with countries outside of the EU. Being able trade goods with a number of countries allows Network Rail to negotiate better deals on goods. The inflated price of fuel and the introduction of the low emission zone may increase the demand for railway industry. As the inflation arise the costs of living increases therefore the price of using the railway must be at the price that the country can afford. Often delays to the passengers and delivering goods may costs the individuals and businesses, which may impact on the UK economy. Social With Network Rail increasing the prices of train tickets at the beginning of the year consumers were not happy with the unjustified price increase, however operators said that the price increase would mean that more money would be spent on the trains, railways and other services. The railway system is a system that will always be needed in England because the trains reduce journey times and some trains produce lower emission fumes than cars. Having fast trains means passengers can get from place to place within 3 hours. Since network Rail has been investing money over the last 2 year the journey time from London to Manchester as decreased by over 30 minutes Technological Network Rail have used large sums of money to purchase state of the art echnology to help improve the communication between train drivers and signallers to communicate securely at all times, which is very an important part of railway safety. They have also invested money in machinery such as ballast cleaner, the high-output train and track-relaying train. Spending large sums of money to improve communication and improve the railway shows that Network Rail are trying to the railways and other components up to date. Legal Network Rail need to follow the rules and regulations of transport or rai lway acts which have been set by the government. The modern railway statutes are: †¢Railways Act 1993 †¢Competition Act 1998 (insofar as it confers competition powers on the Office of Rail Regulation) †¢Transport Act 2000 †¢Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003 †¢Railways Act 2005 The company is accountable to a body of Members through its corporate constitution, to its commercial train operator customers through its contracts with them (the contracts are subject to regulatory oversight), and to the public interest through the statutory powers of the Office of Rail Regulation. The Office of Rail Regulation in turn operates within the overall transport policy set by the UK Department for Transport Environmental Being a company which is governed Network Rail need to be seen as acting environmentally friendly. In an article written by The Times Newspaper (2007) the title for the article reads â€Å"Rail industry admits that it’s often greener for families to travel by car†. This statement means that travelling by car is less harm to the environment then travelling by train. Network Rail has a social responsibility to keep pollution emissions low as the government is currently working towards reducing the carbon emissions in the UK to slow down global warming. â€Å"Modern diesel-powered trains are so polluting that a family of three or more would be responsible for at least double the carbon dioxide emissions on many routes when travelling by rail compared with driving in a typical medium-sized car. † Source: http://travel. timesonline. co. uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/article2067255. ece

Hidden Answers to Ielts Essay Samples Band 6 Identified

Hidden Answers to Ielts Essay Samples Band 6 Identified Ielts Essay Samples Band 6 Secrets The Kilt Kit was made to be tossed around. My online IELTS Writing Practice Test will explain how to improve by a complete band score in only two days. You ought to understand the 4 marking criteria employed by the examiner to fulfil the needs of the score you desire. Well the exam was done. As a consequence, you usually won't need to be worried about attaining certain IELTS section scores just an entire score. Be aware that overall IELTS scores always round to the closest half-point. Actually, there are lots of important differences between the 2 exams! Your opinion isn't relevant in Task 1 and including it's going to decrease your score. If you would like to know specifically where you're going wrong, then you have to examine your work with a seasoned IELTS instructor. A couple of weeks of superior feedback can permit a candidate to accomplish what months of independent study may not. Getting the Best Ielts Essay Samples Band 6 Having access to previously completed work you could have confidence in will show you exactly what you're missing. To deal with all areas of the endeavor, you must respond to everything that's asked in the question. If you really need to get advanced, you may also try out making up your own questions dependent on the news of the day and after that provide these questions to a study partner. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world is really going to help you t hink of ideas. There is a vast range of quite natural vocabulary necessary to spell out a graph and there aren't any spelling mistakes. In addition, you need elevated levels of accuracy so utilize mostly easy, clear sentences and vocabulary. Only use words you learn how to use properly. Some students think these sentences are excessively easy to count as complex but they're erroneous. You have to show you can use a wide selection of sentence structures and have a high amount of accuracy. You also have to have a very clear position throughout. Try to remember your sentences have to also be error free so only utilize structures you're confident using. Always comply with the structure. This task 2 marking criterion is all about your response to the IELTS essay question, your principal ideas and the way you develop them. So if your opinion isn't clear and you appear to change it during the essay, then this could be an issue for achieving an IELTS band 7 inside this criterion. This informative article can help you by providing you the absolute most frequent IELTS essay topics and showing you the way to use these to secure higher scores. You will obviously not have the ability to predict the specific topic that will come up. To take a very simple example, if you're writing about the pros and cons of something, you might wish to have one paragraph about each. It follows clearly from the last paragraph that has highlighted these 2 nations. Furthermore, the paragraph is coherent and there's a wide number of language. Again, examine some of the model essays to view how each body paragraph clearly has one central topic. After enough practice it will get a pure point to do and your writing is really going to improve. Actually, a seasoned writer can do the job much faster than any student as they've been writing academic assignments during their entire life. As our group of writers is pretty big, we always have free writers keen to bring a manageable and well-paid purchase. If you've got a writing teacher obviously this will help since they can examine your work.

Things Falll Apart by Chinua Achebe - 1082 Words

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story that portrays the tensions between the white Colonial Government and native-born people of Umuofia. Okonkwo, the main character, and a great village man is highly respected in the Igbo tribe of Umuofia. Although, Okonkwo is highly respected by the Igbo people, they are fearful of him because of his violent anger. When the Europeans arrived in Umuofia, they brought with them a new religion: Christianity. The Westerners changed Umuofia, destroyed tradition and destroyed Okonkwo. Things Fall Apart is a great novel recognised for its impact on the world’s understanding of Africa and African people. The novel’s English translation enabled Achebe to reveal the deep response of the Igbo people to colonisation. Through choosing to write in English, the novel acts as a bridge to reach out to people all across the world. English acts as a new voice and enables a connection between others in the world, which allows for the building and creation of awareness through educating and informing; through the English language, readers from across the globe are introduced to a new culture. This essay will discuss what the novel’s English translation made possible for the African writer, Chinua Achebe. Things Fall Apart is a novel about Igbo people and their unique culture. Through the novel, Achebe shows that Africa had a rich history and culture before the arrival of the white man. Achebe rejects the assumptions of imperialist critics and